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      Anticlastogenic, radiation antagonistic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Persea americana in albino Wistar rat model

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          Abstract

          The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and antigenotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Persea americana ( P. americana) in albino Wistar rats against whole body X-ray irradiation. Rats were orally administered with (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of P. americana leaf extract for five days. On the fifth day after last administration, animals were exposed to whole body X-rays of 8 Gy. Based on Kaplan Meier’s survival analysis, 100 mg/kg body weight was selected as an optimum dose for radioprotection. The radioprotective potential was analysed by bone marrow micronucleus test and comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Biochemical estimations were performed in liver tissue homogenates. DNA damage indicators analysed through comet assay displayed significant reduction in olive tail movement ( P < 0.01), percentage DNA in tail ( P < 0.05) and tail length ( P < 0.001) in pretreated group when compared to radiation group. P. americana leaf extract restored the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and cyclooxygenase-2 levels in liver homogenates of pre-treated group. Decrease in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes ( P < 0.05) was witnessed in P. americana pretreated group when compared to radiation control. Pretreatment also resulted in the increase of animal survival with dose reduction factor of 1.28. Our findings for the first time demonstrated that P. americana offers significant protection to rats from whole body exposure to X-rays and helps in antagonising the radiation effects, thereby combating acute radiation induced damage in living systems.

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          Microsomal lipid peroxidation.

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            A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase.

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              A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells.

              Human lymphocytes were either exposed to X-irradiation (25 to 200 rads) or treated with H2O2 (9.1 to 291 microM) at 4 degrees C and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions. Both agents induced a significant increase in DNA migration, beginning at the lowest dose evaluated. Migration patterns were relatively homogeneous among cells exposed to X-rays but heterogeneous among cells treated with H2O2. An analysis of repair kinetics following exposure to 200 rads X-rays was conducted with lymphocytes obtained from three individuals. The bulk of the DNA repair occurred within the first 15 min, while all of the repair was essentially complete by 120 min after exposure. However, some cells demonstrated no repair during this incubation period while other cells demonstrated DNA migration patterns indicative of more damage than that induced by the initial irradiation with X-rays. This technique appears to be sensitive and useful for detecting damage and repair in single cells.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Res Pharm Sci
                Res Pharm Sci
                RPS
                Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                1735-5362
                1735-9414
                December 2017
                : 12
                : 6
                : 488-499
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
                [2 ] Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
                [3 ] Department of Physics, Microtron Centre, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: R. Kumarchandra Tel: +98-9845284056, Fax: +824-2421140 Email: reshma.kc@ 123456manipal.edu
                Article
                RPS-12-488
                10.4103/1735-5362.217429
                5691575
                29204177
                01cd6321-5346-4942-b8ed-bff660046de3
                Copyright: © 2017 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : September 2016
                : December 2016
                Categories
                Original Article

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                persea americana,albino wistar rat,ionizing radiation,dna damage,free radicals,antioxidants

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