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      Discontinuation and switching of postpartum contraceptive methods over twelve months in Burkina Faso and the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a secondary analysis of the Yam Daabo trial

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Women who use contraceptive methods sometimes stop early, use methods intermittently, or switched contraceptive methods. All these events (discontinuations and switching) contribute to the occurrence of unwanted and close pregnancies. This study aimed to explore contraceptive discontinuation and switching during the Yam-Daabo project to measure the effect of interventions on the continuation of contraceptive methods use.

          Methods

          We conducted a secondary analysis of the Yam-Daabo trial data. We choose the discontinuation and switching of a modern contraceptive method as outcome measures. We performed a survival analysis using the Stata software package to estimate the effect of the interventions on contraceptive discontinuation. We also studied the main reasons for discontinuation and switching.

          Results

          In total, 637 out of the 1120 women used at least one contraceptive method (of any type), with 267 women in the control and 370 in the intervention group. One hundred seventy-nine women of the control group used modern methods compared to 279 women of the intervention group with 24 and 32 who discontinued, respectively. We observed no statistically significant association between interventions and modern methods discontinuation and switching. However, modern methods’ discontinuation was higher in pills and injectables users than implants and IUDs users. The pooled data comparison showed that, in reference to the women who had not switched while using a modern method, the likelihood of switching to a less or equal effectiveness method among the women of the control group was 3.8(95% CI: 1.8–8.0) times the likelihood of switching to a less or equal effectiveness method among the women of the intervention group. And this excess was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The main reason for discontinuation and switching was method-related (141 over 199), followed by partner opposition with 20 women.

          Conclusion

          The results of this study show no statistically significant association between interventions and modern methods discontinuation. Discontinuation is more related to the methods themselves than to any other factor. It is also essential to set up specific actions targeting women’s partners and influential people in the community to counter inhibiting beliefs.

          Trial registration

          Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201609001784334, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=1784).

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          Most cited references19

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          Contraceptive failure in the United States.

          This review provides an update of previous estimates of first-year probabilities of contraceptive failure for all methods of contraception available in the United States. Estimates are provided of probabilities of failure during typical use (which includes both incorrect and inconsistent use) and during perfect use (correct and consistent use). The difference between these two probabilities reveals the consequences of imperfect use; it depends both on how unforgiving of imperfect use a method is and on how hard it is to use that method perfectly. These revisions reflect new research on contraceptive failure both during perfect use and during typical use. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

            The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding factors influencing contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa between 2005 and 2015. A total of 58 studies from twelve Sub-Saharan African countries were reviewed. Keywords were grouped using the PEN-3 cultural model. Negative factors prohibiting or reducing contraceptive use were women's misconceptions of contraceptive side-effects, male partner disapproval, and social/cultural norms surrounding fertility. Positive factors included education, employment, and communication with male partner. Increasing modern contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa is a multi-faceted problem that will require community and systems wide interventions that aim to counteract negative perceptions and misinformation.
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              Factors influencing the uptake of family planning services in the Talensi District, Ghana

              Introduction Usage of family planning services in developing countries have been found to avert unintended pregnancies, reduce maternal and child mortality, however, it's usage still remains low. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the decision of women in fertility age to go for family planning services. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Talensi district in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 280 residents aged 15-49 years and data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results The study revealed that 89% (249/280), of respondents were aware of family planning services, 18% (50/280) of respondents had used family planning services in the past. Parity and educational level of respondents were positively associated with usage of family planning services (P<0.05). Major motivating factors to the usage of family planning service were to space children, 94% (47/50) and to prevent pregnancy and sexual transmitted infections 84% (42/50). Major reasons for not accessing family planning services were opposition from husbands, 90% (207/230) and misconceptions about family planning, 83% (191/230). Conclusion Although most women were aware of family planning services in the Talensi district, the uptake of the service was low. Thus, there is the need for the office of the district health directorate to intensify health education on the benefits of family planning with male involvement. The government should also scale up family planning services in the district to make it more accessible.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                samsoncoul@gmail.com
                Journal
                Contracept Reprod Med
                Contracept Reprod Med
                Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
                BioMed Central (London )
                2055-7426
                23 November 2020
                23 November 2020
                2020
                : 5
                : 35
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.457337.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0564 0509, Unité de Surveillance Démographique et de Santé (Kaya-HDSS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) , ; 03 B.P. 7047, Ouagadougou, 03 Burkina Faso
                [2 ]Ecole doctorale Sciences de la Santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03 Burkina Faso
                [3 ]Institut Africain de la Santé Publique, 12 B.P, Ouagadougou, 199 Burkina Faso
                [4 ]GRID grid.3575.4, ISNI 0000000121633745, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, ; Avenue Appia 20, 1211, 27 Genève, Switzerland
                [5 ]GRID grid.8591.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 4988, Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics (IDESO), , University of Geneva, ; Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 40, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
                [6 ]GRID grid.117476.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7611, Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, , University of Technology, ; PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
                [7 ]GRID grid.452546.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0580 7639, Programme National de Santé de la Reproduction, , Ministère de la Santé, ; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
                [8 ]Unité de formation et de recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03 Burkina Faso
                [9 ]GRID grid.9783.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9927 0991, School of Public Health, , University of Kinshasa, ; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6015-3824
                Article
                137
                10.1186/s40834-020-00137-2
                7686716
                33292708
                01edb920-132a-4539-ad52-ae93a447ef36
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 21 August 2020
                : 10 November 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Goverment of France
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                discontinuation,switching,modern contraception,postpartum,intervention

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