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      Relatedness is a poor predictor of negative plant–soil feedbacks

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          Abstract

          • Understanding the mechanisms underlying negative plant–soil feedbacks remains a critical challenge in plant ecology. If closely related species are more similar, then phylogeny could be used as a predictor for plant species interactions, simplifying our understanding of how plant–soil feedbacks structure plant communities, underlie invasive species dynamics, or reduce agricultural productivity.

          • Here, we test the utility of phylogeny for predicting plant–soil feedbacks by undertaking a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis on all available pairwise plant–soil feedback experiments conducted over the last two decades, including 133 plant species in 329 pairwise interactions.

          • We found that the sign and magnitude of plant–soil feedback effects were not explained by the phylogenetic distance separating interacting species. This result was consistent across different life forms, life cycles, provenances, and phylogenetic scales.

          • Our analysis shows that, contrary to widespread assumption, relatedness is a poor predictor of plant–soil feedback effects.

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          Most cited references35

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          Opposing effects of competitive exclusion on the phylogenetic structure of communities.

          Though many processes are involved in determining which species coexist and assemble into communities, competition is among the best studied. One hypothesis about competition's contribution to community assembly is that more closely related species are less likely to coexist. Though empirical evidence for this hypothesis is mixed, it remains a common assumption in certain phylogenetic approaches for inferring the effects of environmental filtering and competitive exclusion. Here, we relate modern coexistence theory to phylogenetic community assembly approaches to refine expectations for how species relatedness influences the outcome of competition. We argue that two types of species differences determine competitive exclusion with opposing effects on relatedness patterns. Importantly, this means that competition can sometimes eliminate more different and less related taxa, even when the traits underlying the relevant species differences are phylogenetically conserved. Our argument leads to a reinterpretation of the assembly processes inferred from community phylogenetic structure.
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            treePL: divergence time estimation using penalized likelihood for large phylogenies.

            Ever larger phylogenies are being constructed due to the explosion of genetic data and development of high-performance phylogenetic reconstruction algorithms. However, most methods for calculating divergence times are limited to datasets that are orders of magnitude smaller than recently published large phylogenies. Here, we present an algorithm and implementation of a divergence time method using penalized likelihood that can handle datasets of thousands of taxa. We implement a method that combines the standard derivative-based optimization with a stochastic simulated annealing approach to overcome optimization challenges. We compare this approach with existing software including r8s, PATHd8 and BEAST. Source code, example files, binaries and documentation for treePL are available at https://github.com/blackrim/treePL.
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              Feeback between Plants and Their Soil Communities in an Old Field Community

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                New Phytol
                New Phytol
                nph
                The New Phytologist
                BlackWell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                0028-646X
                1469-8137
                February 2015
                31 December 2014
                : 205
                : 3
                : 1071-1075
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Long Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
                [2 ]Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
                Author notes
                Author for correspondence: Zia Mehrabi, Tel: +44 (0) 1865 281878, Email: zia.mehrabi@ 123456zoo.ox.ac.uk
                Article
                10.1111/nph.13238
                4303931
                25557183
                01fd729a-8da6-43e3-b4d5-921662449346
                © 2014 The Authors New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 31 August 2014
                : 18 November 2014
                Categories
                Research

                Plant science & Botany
                aboveground–belowground ecology,coexistence,darwin's naturalization hypothesis,invasion,phylogeny,soil sickness

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