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      Development of methods to study the survival of airborne viruses

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          Abstract

          A number of viruses have been shown to be transmitted by the airborne route. It is the ability of these viruses to retain their infectivity for living hosts which play a key role in their aerial dissemination. Data generated by a number of workers on the airborne survival of viruses varies considerably because laboratory techniques have not been standardized. About 5 yr ago we started studies on the airborne survival of a number of animal and human viruses. This paper describes the methodology developed to study the aerobiology of these viruses. These methods should be useful in the aerobiological work of other viruses.

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          Most cited references26

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          Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E.

          The survival of airborne human coronavirus 229E (HCV/229E) was studied under different conditions of temperature (20 +/- 1 degree C and 6 +/- 1 degree C) and low (30 +/- 5%), medium (50 +/- 5%) or high (80 +/- 5%) relative humidities (RH). At 20 +/- 1 degree C, aerosolized HCV/229E was found to survive best at 50% RH with a half-life of 67.33 +/- 8.24 h while at 30% RH the virus half-life was 26.76 +/- 6.21 h. At 50% RH nearly 20% infectious virus was still detectable at 6 days. High RH at 20 +/- 1 degree C, on the other hand, was found to be the least favourable to the survival of aerosolized virus and under these conditions the virus half-life was only about 3 h; no virus could be detected after 24 h in aerosol. At 6 +/- 1 degree C, in either 50% or 30% RH conditions, the survival of HCV/229E was significantly enhanced, with the decay pattern essentially similar to that seen at 20 +/- 1 degree C. At low temperature and high RH (80%), however, the survival pattern was completely reversed, with the HCV/229E half-life increasing to 86.01 +/- 5.28 h, nearly 30 times that found at 20 +/- 1 degree C and high RH. Although optimal survival at 6 degree C still occurred at 50% RH, the pronounced stabilizing effect of low temperature on the survival of HCV/229E at high RH indicates that the role of the environment on the survival of viruses in air may be more complex and significant than previously thought.
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            Virus survival as a seasonal factor in influenza and polimyelitis.

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              Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses.

              G Harper (1961)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Virol Methods
                J. Virol. Methods
                Journal of Virological Methods
                Published by Elsevier B.V.
                0166-0934
                1879-0984
                12 November 2002
                November 1987
                12 November 2002
                : 18
                : 2
                : 87-106
                Affiliations
                Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
                Author notes
                []Correspondence to: M.K. Ijaz, Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 124 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0.
                Article
                0166-0934(87)90114-5
                10.1016/0166-0934(87)90114-5
                7119592
                2828403
                0203bea7-ff7f-41de-a012-22fca7bd014b
                Copyright © 1987 Published by Elsevier B.V.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 17 June 1987
                Categories
                Article

                Microbiology & Virology
                virus aerosol,respiratory virus,enteric virus,viral aerobiological technique

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