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      Upstream dam impacts on gilded catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Bolivian Amazon

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This paper explores the effects of two run-of-river dams (Jirau and Santo Antônio) built in cascade in the middle Madeira River (Brazil) on the interruption of long-distance migration routes of the gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii). A participative monitoring system was set up to compare capture by commercial fishers approximately 1500 km upstream of the dams in Bolivia, before (1998-2007) and after (2015-2017) dam closure. A significant decrease in gilded catfish catches and in catch per unit effort was observed after dam closure, whereas no significant difference in mean weight was found. Back-estimation of age suggests that the few individuals remaining after dam closure in 2009 are a mixture of old homers that returned upstream before dam closure, and residents hatched after dam closure and trapped in the upper Madeira. Unless fishways in the Madeira River dams improve their efficiency, the gilded catfish might become rare and in danger of regional extinction in the upper Madeira basin in the next few years, negatively affecting river fisheries.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Este estudio explora el impacto de las represas en cascada Jirau y Santo Antônio en el curso medio del río Madeira (Brasil) sobre la interrupción de la ruta de migración del bagre dorado (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii). Se estableció un sistema de monitoreo participativo para comparar la captura de dorado por pescadores comerciales en Bolivia, aproximadamente 1 500 km río arriba de las represas, antes (1998-2007) y después (2015-2017) de su cierre. Se observó una disminución significativa en las capturas y en la captura por unidad de esfuerzo de dorado después del cierre de ambas represas. No hubo diferencias significativas en el peso promedio antes y después del cierre. La estimación de la edad de los pocos individuos capturados arriba de las represas sugiere que se trata de una mezcla de individuos adultos que han podido pasar las represas antes de su cierre en 2009, y residentes nacidos después del cierre de las represas, atrapados en el alto Madeira. Si los sistemas de traspaso de peces implementados en las represas del rio Madeira no mejoran su eficiencia, el dorado podría volverse escaso y en peligro de extinción regional en la cuenca alta del Madeira en los próximos años, afectando negativamente la pesca de esta especie.

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          Large-scale degradation of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems

          Hydrological connectivity regulates the structure and function of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems and the provisioning of services that sustain local populations. This connectivity is increasingly being disrupted by the construction of dams, mining, land-cover changes, and global climate change. This review analyzes these drivers of degradation, evaluates their impacts on hydrological connectivity, and identifies policy deficiencies that hinder freshwater ecosystem protection. There are 154 large hydroelectric dams in operation today, and 21 dams under construction. The current trajectory of dam construction will leave only three free-flowing tributaries in the next few decades if all 277 planned dams are completed. Land-cover changes driven by mining, dam and road construction, agriculture and cattle ranching have already affected ~20% of the Basin and up to ~50% of riparian forests in some regions. Global climate change will likely exacerbate these impacts by creating warmer and dryer conditions, with less predictable rainfall and more extreme events (e.g., droughts and floods). The resulting hydrological alterations are rapidly degrading freshwater ecosystems, both independently and via complex feedbacks and synergistic interactions. The ecosystem impacts include biodiversity loss, warmer stream temperatures, stronger and more frequent floodplain fires, and changes to biogeochemical cycles, transport of organic and inorganic materials, and freshwater community structure and function. The impacts also include reductions in water quality, fish yields, and availability of water for navigation, power generation, and human use. This degradation of Amazonian freshwater ecosystems cannot be curbed presently because existing policies are inconsistent across the Basin, ignore cumulative effects, and overlook the hydrological connectivity of freshwater ecosystems. Maintaining the integrity of these freshwater ecosystems requires a basinwide research and policy framework to understand and manage hydrological connectivity across multiple spatial scales and jurisdictional boundaries.
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            Hydropower and the future of Amazonian biodiversity

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              Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams

              Hydropower development in the Andean Amazon has been underestimated and will disrupt connected human and natural systems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2019
                : 17
                : 4
                : e190118
                Affiliations
                [1] Sacaba Cochabamba orgnameInstituto de Investigación Aplicada de Recursos Acuáticos orgdiv1FAUNAGUA Bolivia leslie.cordova@ 123456gmail.com
                [6] Montpellier orgnameInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement France fabrice.duponchelle@ 123456ird.fr
                [5] Porto Velho Rondônia orgnameUniversidade Federal de Rondônia orgdiv1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Laboratório de Ictiologia e Pesca Brazil carolinarcdoria@ 123456unir.br
                [3] Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas orgdiv1Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental Argentina cbaigun@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Cochabamba orgnameUniversidad Mayor de San Simón orgdiv1Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos Bolivia paul.vandamme@ 123456faunagua.org
                [4] orgnameIRD orgdiv1Laboratoire Mixte International - Evolution et Domestication de l’Ichtyofaune Amazonienne France mariliahauser@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1679-62252019000500213
                10.1590/1982-0224-20190118
                02109af3-99b5-4fb2-aa6b-3782e2c05542

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 November 2019
                : 01 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Impacto ambiental,Represas del río Madeira,Fishways,Environmental impact,Fish migration,River connectivity,Sistemas de traspaso de peces,Migración de peces,Madeira dams,Conectividad de ríos

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