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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      Evaluation of a Novel Brachial Cuff-Based Oscillometric Method for Estimating Central Systolic Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients

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          Abstract

          Background/Aims: Elevated wave reflections and arterial stiffness, as well as ambulatory blood pressure (BP) are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk in end-stage-renal-disease. This study is the first to evaluate in hemodialysis patients the validity of a new ambulatory oscillometric device (Mobil-O-Graph, IEM, Germany), which estimates aortic BP, augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: Aortic SBP (aSBP), heart rate-adjusted AIx (AIx(75)) and PWV measured with Mobil-O-Graph were compared with the values from the most widely used tonometric device (Sphygmocor, ArtCor, Australia) in 73 hemodialysispatients. Measurements were made in a randomized order after 10 min of rest in the supine position at least 30 min before a dialysis session. Brachial BP (mercury sphygmomanometer) was used for the calibration of Sphygmocor's waveform. Results: Sphygmocor-derivedaSBP and AIx(75) did not differ from the relevant Mobil-O-Graph measurements (aSBP: 136.3 ± 19.6 vs. 133.5 ± 19.3 mm Hg, p = 0.068; AIx(75): 28.4 ± 9.3 vs. 30.0 ± 11.8%, p = 0.229). The small difference in aSBP is perhaps explained by a relevant difference in brachial SBP used for calibration (146.9 ± 20.4 vs. 145.2 ± 19.9 mm Hg, p = 0.341). Sphygmocor PWV was higher than Mobil-O-Graph PWV (10.3 ± 3.4 vs. 9.5 ± 2.1 m/s, p < 0.01). All 3 parameters estimated by Mobil-O-Graph showed highly significant (p < 0.001) correlations with the relevant measurements of Sphygmocor (aSBP, r = 0.770; AIx(75), r = 0.400; PWV, r = 0.739). The Bland-Altman Plots for aSBP and AIx(75) showed acceptable agreement between the two devices and no evidence of systemic bias for PWV. Conclusion: As in other populations, acceptable agreement between Mobil-O-Graph and Sphygmocor was evident for aSBP and AIx(75) in hemodialysis patients; PWV was slightly underestimated by Mobil-O-Graph.

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          Arterial wave reflections and survival in end-stage renal failure.

          The increased effect of arterial wave reflections on central arteries like the common carotid artery seen in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients favors myocardial hypertrophy and oxygen consumption and alters coronary blood flow distribution. Nevertheless, the impact of wave reflection on the outcome and end points such as mortality remains to be demonstrated. One hundred eighty ESRF patients (age, 54+/-16 years) were monitored for 52+/-36 months (mean+/-SD). Seventy deaths, including 40 cardiovascular (CV) and 30 non-CV events, occurred. At entry, patients, in addition to standard clinical and biochemical analyses, underwent aortic pulse wave velocity measurement and determination of arterial wave reflexion by applanation tonometry on the common carotid artery that was expressed as augmentation index. Cox analyses demonstrated that predictors of all-cause and CV mortality were age, aortic pulse wave velocity, low diastolic blood pressure, preexisting CV disease, and increased augmentation index, whereas the prescription of an ACE inhibitor had a favorable effect on survival. After adjustment for all confounding factors, the risk ratio for each 10% increase in augmentation index was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.86; P<0.0001) for all-cause mortality and 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.90; P<0.0001) for CV mortality. These results provide the first direct evidence that in ESRF patients increased effect of arterial wave reflections is an independent predictor of all-cause and CV mortality.
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            Validation of a brachial cuff-based method for estimating central systolic blood pressure.

            The prognostic value of central systolic blood pressure has been established recently. At present, its noninvasive assessment is limited by the need of dedicated equipment and trained operators. Moreover, ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring of central pressures are not feasible. An algorithm enabling conventional automated oscillometric blood pressure monitors to assess central systolic pressure could be of value. We compared central systolic pressure, calculated with a transfer-function like method (ARCSolver algorithm), using waveforms recorded with a regular oscillometric cuff suitable for ambulatory measurements, with simultaneous high-fidelity invasive recordings, and with noninvasive estimations using a validated device, operating with radial tonometry and a generalized transfer function. Both studies revealed a good agreement between the oscillometric cuff-based central systolic pressure and the comparator. In the invasive study, composed of 30 patients, mean difference between oscillometric cuff/ARCSolver-based and invasive central systolic pressures was 3.0 mm Hg (SD: 6.0 mm Hg) with invasive calibration of brachial waveforms and -3.0 mm Hg (SD: 9.5 mm Hg) with noninvasive calibration of brachial waveforms. Results were similar when the reference method (radial tonometry/transfer function) was compared with invasive measurements. In the noninvasive study, composed of 111 patients, mean difference between oscillometric cuff/ARCSolver-derived and radial tonometry/transfer function-derived central systolic pressures was -0.5 mm Hg (SD: 4.7 mm Hg). In conclusion, a novel transfer function-like algorithm, using brachial cuff-based waveform recordings, is suited to provide a realistic estimation of central systolic pressure.
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              Role of pulse pressure amplification in arterial hypertension: experts' opinion and review of the data.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                AJN
                Am J Nephrol
                10.1159/issn.0250-8095
                American Journal of Nephrology
                S. Karger AG
                0250-8095
                1421-9670
                2014
                October 2014
                11 October 2014
                : 40
                : 3
                : 242-250
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, bSection of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, cTherapeutiki Hemodialysis Unit, Thessaloniki, dHemodialysis Unit, General Hospital of Komotini, Komotini, and eHypertension Unit &amp; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, ‘Laiko' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
                Author notes
                *Pantelis A. Sarafidis, MD, MSc, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-54642, Thessaloniki (Greece), E-Mail psarafidis11@yahoo.gr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-0154
                Article
                367791 Am J Nephrol 2014;40:242-250
                10.1159/000367791
                25322847
                023f5815-1a95-470c-8be1-8ff264c228a9
                © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 11 July 2014
                : 20 August 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Original Report: Patient-Oriented, Translational Research

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Hemodialysis,Validation,Mobil-O-Graph,Pulse wave velocity,Aortic pressure,Sphygmocor,Augmentation index

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