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      Measures of emotion: A review.

      1 ,
      Cognition & emotion
      Informa UK Limited

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          Abstract

          A consensual, componential model of emotions conceptualises them as experiential, physiological, and behavioural responses to personally meaningful stimuli. The present review examines this model in terms of whether different types of emotion-evocative stimuli are associated with discrete and invariant patterns of responding in each response system, how such responses are structured, and if such responses converge across different response systems. Across response systems, the bulk of the available evidence favours the idea that measures of emotional responding reflect dimensions rather than discrete states. In addition, experiential, physiological, and behavioural response systems are associated with unique sources of variance, which in turn limits the magnitude of convergence across measures. Accordingly, the authors suggest that there is no "gold standard" measure of emotional responding. Rather, experiential, physiological, and behavioural measures are all relevant to understanding emotion and cannot be assumed to be interchangeable.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cogn Emot
          Cognition & emotion
          Informa UK Limited
          1464-0600
          0269-9931
          Feb 01 2009
          : 23
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
          Article
          NIHMS134765
          10.1080/02699930802204677
          2756702
          19809584
          02468517-9d12-458c-b5fb-e97cf26e72dd
          History

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