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      Estudios sobre la carcinogenicidad del ozono Translated title: Studies of ozone carcinogenicity

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          Abstract

          Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica sobre las investigaciones toxicológicas preclínicas realizadas hasta el presente, sobre la carcinogenicidad del ozono administrado por vía inhalatoria, a los animales de experimentación (ratas, ratones y hámster). De los 9 estudios informados, en algunos los animales fueron expuestos al ozono por períodos de 24 a 30 meses, pero solo en aquellos en que se utilizó ratones, se observó la inducción de adenomas pulmonares. La carcinogenicidad en ratones se evidenció solo en los ratones de la línea B6C3F1. Por el contrario, en los estudios de carcinogenicidad en que se utilizaron hámster y ratas, no se detectó la inducción de adenomas ni de carcinomas después de la exposición a concentraciones altas de ozono. En conclusión, la exposición de los roedores al ozono inhalado durante períodos prolongados y a concentraciones elevadas no indujo carcinogénesis en estas especies. Tampoco se han encontrado evidencias de que sea un agente promotor o cocarcinogénico. En seres humanos la carcinogenicidad del ozono tampoco ha sido demostrada. Investigaciones sobre este tópico utilizando otras vías de administración del ozono son necesarias para esclarecer este aspecto.

          Translated abstract

          A bibliographic review of the preclinical toxicological researches carried out up to the present on the carcinogenicity of ozone administered by inhalotory route in experimental animals (rats, mice and hamster) was made. Of the 9 informed studies, in some of them the animals were exposed to ozone for periods of 24 to 30 months, but the induction of pulmonary adenomas was only observed in those where mice were used. Carcinogenicity in mice was evidenced only in B6C3F1 mice. On the contrary, the induction of adenomas or carcinomas was not detected in the studies using rats or hamsters after the exposure to high concentrations of ozone. To conclude, the exposure of rodents to inhalated ozone for long periods and at elevated concentration did not produce carcinogenesis in these species. It has not been proved that it is a promotor or carcinogenic agent. In human beings, the carcinogenicity of ozone has not been demonstrated yet. Further researches on this topic using different routes of ozone administration are necessary to clear up this aspect.

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          Decrease of blood cholesterol and stimulation of antioxidative response in cardiopathy patients treated with endovenous ozone therapy.

          Patients with cardiac infarction show a decrease in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, which are beginners in the scavenger processes of lipid peroxide and superoxide radicals, respectively. In this study, we investigate the effects of endovenous ozone therapy on serum lipid pattern and on antioxidant defense system, such as te glutathione redox one, in the blood of patients with myocardial infarct. Twenty-two patients who had an infarction, between 3 months and 1 year before the study, were treated with ozone by autohemotherapy during 15 sessions. A statistically significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein was observed. High biologically significant increases on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were found. There was no change in plasma lipid peroxidation level. It was concluded that endovenous ozone therapy in patients with myocardial infarction has a beneficial effect on blood lipid metabolism, provoking the activation of antioxidant protection system.
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            Review of the genotoxicity of ozone.

            K Victorin (1992)
            Ozone is a powerful oxidant, reactive to biomolecules. In aqueous solution it decomposes to give hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxy radicals which can take part in secondary reactions. Ozone is a disinfectant that inactivates both viruses and bacteria. Although other reactions are primarily responsible for the inactivation, cellular DNA is also damaged. Ozone is genotoxic to microorganisms, plants and cell cultures in vitro. The results from in vivo cytogenetic studies with laboratory animals after inhalation exposure are contradictory. Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes, but not SCEs, have been demonstrated in Chinese hamsters but not in mice. Chromatid deletions were induced in pulmonary macrophages in rats. No cytogenetic effects have been reported for bone marrow cells or spermatocytes. The few experimental and epidemiological studies with human subjects do not allow a conclusion on the cytogenetic effects of ozone in lymphocytes in humans. No life-long cancer studies have been performed with ozone. However, after 4 and 6 months of inhalation exposure, lung adenomas were induced in strain A/J mice, but not in Swiss-Webster mice.
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              Modification by Ozone of Lung Tumor Development in Mice2

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ibi
                Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas
                Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd
                ECIMED (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3011
                December 2006
                : 25
                : 4
                : 0
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro de Investigaciones del Ozono Cuba
                Article
                S0864-03002006000400010
                026777cf-ca1a-4b91-9cb5-b4efd3429bdf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0864-0300&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine
                Carcinogenesis,mice,rats,hamster,Ozono,carcinogénesis,ratones,ratas,hámster
                Medicine
                Carcinogenesis, mice, rats, hamster, Ozono, carcinogénesis, ratones, ratas, hámster

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