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      Prevalência de pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas e associação com a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes Translated title: Prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and its association with body dissatisfaction in adolescents

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas e a associação com a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes. Métodos Participaram 1.090 adolescentes (501 do sexo masculino e 589 do sexo feminino), com média de 16,2 (1,1) anos de idade, estudantes do ensino médio em São José-SC. Por meio de questionário autoadministrado, os adolescentes responderam a questões sociodemográficas (sexo, idade) e sobre maturação sexual, insatisfação corporal (escala de silhuetas) e pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas (ideação, planejamento e tentativa de suicídio), e tiveram as medidas de peso corporal e altura aferidas para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC = peso corporal dividido pela altura ao quadrado). Empregou-se a regressão logística binária para análise dos dados. Resultados O sexo feminino apresentou maiores prevalências de pensamento, planejamento e tentativa de suicídio comparado ao masculino. Os adolescentes insatisfeitos pelo excesso de peso e pela magreza apresentaram maior chance de terem pensado e planejado suicídio. Não foram encontradas associações entre tentativa de suicídio e insatisfação corporal. Conclusões O sexo feminino apresentou maiores prevalências de pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas do que o masculino. Independentemente do sexo, idade, IMC e maturação sexual, os adolescentes insatisfeitos com o corpo (pelo excesso de peso e pela magreza) estiveram mais suscetíveis à ideação suicida e ao planejamento de suicídio, comparados aos satisfeitos. Por serem adolescentes em idade escolar, a escola pode ser um agente de discussão sobre a temática, auxiliando na prevenção da insatisfação corporal e desfechos suicidas. Outros profissionais envolvidos com essa população e os familiares precisam estar atentos a essas questões.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and its association with body image dissatisfaction in adolescents. Methods Participants were 1,090 adolescents (501 male and 589 female), with mean age of 16.2 (1.1) years, who were high school students in Sao Jose-SC. In a self-administered questionnaire, adolescents answered sociodemographic questions (sex, age), sexual maturation, body dissatisfaction (figure rating scale), suicidal thoughts and behaviors (ideation, planning and attempts), and had body weight and height measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI = body weight divided by squared height). Binary logistic regression was used to data analysis. Results Greater prevalence of ideation, planning and suicidal attempts was found among female than male. Adolescents who were dissatisfied by thinness and by overweight were more likely to ideation and planning suicide. No associations between suicidal attempts and body image dissatisfaction were found. Conclusions Females had higher prevalence of ideation, planning and attempt than males. Regardless of sex, age, BMI and sexual maturation, the adolescents who were dissatisfied with their body (both by thinness and by overweight) were more likely to ideation and planning the suicide, compared to those who were satisfied. Giving that these adolescents are in school age, the school can be an agent of discussion on the subject, assisting to prevent body dissatisfaction and suicidal outcomes. Other professionals who work with adolescents and relatives need to pay attention to these issues.

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          Most cited references28

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          Concurrent and discriminant validity of the Stunkard's figure rating scale adapted into Portuguese.

          This study examined the concurrent and discriminant validity of the Figure Rating Scale adapted into Portuguese. The sample was composed of a control group (98 students without eating disorders) and a clinical group (16 women diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa). Respondents chose schematic figures representing their current and ideal body sizes. The difference between the two choices was calculated to give an ideal discrepancy score. There were high correlations between body mass index and current body size or ideal discrepancy score. The ideal discrepancy scores were greater among the clinical group, indicating that the scale could discriminate between the two groups. The results of this preliminary work indicate that the scale is a valid measure of body image when used in Brazil.
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            Invited commentary: Why body image is important to adolescent development.

            Although the majority of adolescents report body dissatisfaction and the consequences of body image concerns are developmentally significant, most research addressing body image has been conducted by clinicians. Developmental scientists are in a unique position to contribute to body image research given their understanding of the intrapersonal (e.g., pubertal development) and interpersonal (e.g., family relationships) factors that affect the development of body image. The adolescent years provide a particularly good example of the developmental nature of body image because a myriad of "normal" developmental factors (e.g., peer relationships) coalesce to shape adolescents' body image. This commentary will summarize some of the significant body image research--focusing on adolescence--in the hope that it will encourage developmental psychologists to recognize the central role body image plays in development and address this topic in future research.
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              Body image as a mediator of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.

              Attitudes towards the body have been largely overlooked as a potential risk factor for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) despite theorizing that a negative body image may play a critical role in the development of this behavior. The current study used structural equation modeling to evaluate the fit of a theoretical model specifying body image as a mediator between negative affect and NSSI in a combined clinical and non-clinical sample of 284 adolescents. The data supported the model, accounted for 21.6% of the variance in NSSI, and body image significantly mediated the relationship between negative affect and NSSI. These findings provide essential preliminary evidence that body image may represent a necessary but not sufficient risk factor for NSSI in adolescents and that treatment for NSSI should consider targeting body-related pathology in addition to emotion regulation. The findings also support including body image within developing etiological models of NSSI. Copyright © 2011 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpsiq
                Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria
                J. bras. psiquiatr.
                Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0047-2085
                1982-0208
                March 2018
                : 67
                : 1
                : 3-9
                Affiliations
                [1] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde Brazil
                [2] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Centro de Desportos Brazil
                Article
                S0047-20852018000100003
                10.1590/0047-2085000000177
                028c34f1-c5c2-46b9-b6a0-52724ce3e6a5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 November 2017
                : 10 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Suicídio,saúde do adolescente,imagem corporal,Suicide,adolescent health,body image

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