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      Borrelia lusitaniae and Green Lizards ( Lacerta viridis), Karst Region, Slovakia

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          Abstract

          TOC summary line: The green lizard is implicated in the transmission cycle of B. lusitaniae.

          Abstract

          In Europe, spirochetes within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex are transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks. Specific associations are described between reservoir hosts and individual genospecies. We focused on green lizard (Lacerta viridis) as a host for ticks and potential host for borreliae. In 2004 and 2005, a total of 146 green lizards infested by ticks were captured, and 469 I. ricinus ticks were removed. Borrelial infection was detected in 16.6% of ticks from lizards. Of 102 skin biopsy specimens collected from lizards, 18.6% tested positive. The most frequently detected genospecies was B. lusitaniae (77.9%–94.7%). More than 19% of questing I. ricinus collected in areas where lizards were sampled tested positive for borreliae. B. garinii was the dominant species, and B. lusitaniae represented 11.1%. The presence of B. lusitaniae in skin biopsy specimens and in ticks that had fed on green lizards implicates this species in the transmission cycle of B. lusitaniae.

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          Host association of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato--the key role of host complement.

          Klaus Kurtenbach, Simona De Michelis, Susanne Etti … (2002)
          Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the tick-borne agent of Lyme borreliosis, is a bacterial species complex comprising 11 genospecies. Here, we discuss whether the delineation of genospecies is ecologically relevant. We provide evidence that B. burgdorferi s.l. is structured ecologically into distinct clusters that are host specific. An immunological model for niche adaptation is proposed that suggests the operation of complement-mediated selection in the midgut of the feeding tick. We conclude that vertebrate hosts rather than tick species are the key to Lyme borreliosis spirochaete diversity.
          Article 0 comments Cited 128 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Co-feeding ticks: Epidemiological significance for tick-borne pathogen transmission.

            S Randolph, L Gern, P A Nuttall (1996)
            Until recently, the transmission of tick-borne pathogens via vertebrates was thought to depend on the development of a systemic infection in the vertebrate hosts. Pathogen transmission has now been shown to occur between infected and uninfected ticks co-feeding in time or space in the absence of a systemic infection, originally for viruses, but now also for bacteria. The epidemiological consequences of this new non-systemic transmission pathway necessitate a major reassessment of the components and dynamics of tick-borne pathogen enzootic cycles. Here Sarah Randolph, Lise Gern and Pat Nuttall show that a much wider range of natural hosts than was previously recognized may contribute significantly to the transmission of tick-borne diseases, and compare quantitatively the relative contributions made by the systemic and non-systemic transmission pathways.
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              Different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi are associated with distinct clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis.

              A. P. Van Dam, H Kuiper, K Vos … (1993)
              Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato has been subdivided into three genospecies: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. burgdorferi group VS461. Sixty-eight isolates cultured from patients and 26 strains from ticks were characterized with use of SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and rRNA gene restriction analysis. Fifty-seven of 58 strains obtained from the skin of 70 patients who had erythema migrams or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were of group VS461, whereas the genotype of the remaining strain was unidentifiable. Of 10 strains cultured from CSF (n = 3) and skin (n = 7) of 20 patients with extracutaneous symptoms of Lyme borreliosis, nine were B. garinii and one was B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Of these 20 patients, 17 had neuroborreliosis, one had arthritis and carditis, one had myalgia, and one had erythema and arthralgia. All 26 isolates from ticks were of group VS461. In conclusion, infections due to group VS461 and B. garinii are associated with cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms, respectively. Our findings suggest that B. burgdorferi genotypes have different pathogenic potentials.
              Article 0 comments Cited 66 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): December 2006
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 1895-1901
                Affiliations
                [* ]Parasitological Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia;
                [† ]University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovakia;
                [‡ ]Institute of Zoology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Viktória Majláthová, Parasitological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; email: majlat@ 123456saske.sk
                Article
                Publisher ID: 06-0784
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060784
                PMC ID: 3291370
                PubMed ID: 17326941
                SO-VID: 028f8802-b289-4541-b8e7-ba6352697025
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: lyme borreliosis,green lizard,research,ixodes ricinus,karst,lacerta viridis,slovakia,borrelia lusitaniae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: lyme borreliosis, green lizard, research, ixodes ricinus, karst, lacerta viridis, slovakia, borrelia lusitaniae

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