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      Predictors of body mass index in female parents whose children participate in a competitive, creative, problem-solving program

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          Abstract

          Background

          Recent findings from our research indicate that children participating in a creative afterschool program exhibit overall healthier lifestyle practices compared to the average US pediatric population. This observation led us to investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and lifestyle practices of their parents.

          Objective

          To determine the strongest predictors of weight status for female parents whose children were participating in such creative afterschool program.

          Design

          Surveyed subjects were parents of children who competed in the 2008 and 2009 Destination ImagiNation ® Global Finals in Knoxville, Tennessee. A total of 4,608 children participated in data collection, with parental consent. For the combined 2 years, 1,118 parents, 87% of whom were females ( n=1,032) completed online questionnaires, which were based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and included self-reported height, weight, dietary intake, physical activity, and socioeconomic status. The majority of this population was white, and less than 5% were African American or Hispanic.

          Results

          We report here results obtained for the female parents. Only 45.2% of these female parents were overweight/obese, compared to a national average of 64.1% reported by the National Health Nutrition Examination Surveys for 2007—2008. Furthermore, this population was significantly more physically active compared to national average. Most parents (76%) had completed a college degree and reported high incomes. Parents with the lowest income were the most obese in this population. Finally, we found a significant association between parent and child weight status.

          Conclusions

          These studies demonstrate that female parents of children who have healthy lifestyles were physically active, which likely accounts for the parents’ lower overweight/obesity rates. In addition to physical activity, income and percentage of calories from fat were all predictors of weight status.

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          Most cited references21

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          Parental influence on eating behavior: conception to adolescence.

          The first years of life mark a time of rapid development and dietary change, as children transition from an exclusive milk diet to a modified adult diet. During these early years, children's learning about food and eating plays a central role in shaping subsequent food choices, diet quality, and weight status. Parents play a powerful role in children's eating behavior, providing both genes and environment for children. For example, they influence children's developing preferences and eating behaviors by making some foods available rather than others, and by acting as models of eating behavior. In addition, parents use feeding practices, which have evolved over thousands of years, to promote patterns of food intake necessary for children's growth and health. However in current eating environments, characterized by too much inexpensive palatable, energy dense food, these traditional feeding practices can promote overeating and weight gain. To meet the challenge of promoting healthy weight in children in the current eating environment, parents need guidance regarding alternatives to traditional feeding practices.
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            Physical activity in U.S.: adults compliance with the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.

            To date, no study has objectively measured physical activity levels among U.S. adults according to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAGA). The purpose of this study was to assess self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among U.S. adults according to the PAGA. Using data from the NHANES 2005-2006, the PAGA were assessed using three physical activity calculations: moderate plus vigorous physical activity ≥150 minutes/week (MVPA); moderate plus two instances of vigorous physical activity ≥150 minutes/week (M2VPA); and time spent above 3 METs ≥500 MET-minutes/week (METPA). Self-reported physical activity included leisure, transportation, and household activities. Objective activity was measured using Actigraph accelerometers that were worn for 7 consecutive days. Analyses were conducted in 2009-2010. U.S. adults reported 324.5 ± 18.6 minutes/week (M ± SE) of moderate physical activity and 73.6 ± 3.9 minutes/week of vigorous physical activity, although accelerometry estimates were 45.1 ± 4.6 minutes/week of moderate physical activity and 18.6 ± 6.6 minutes/week of vigorous physical activity. The proportion of adults meeting the PAGA according to M2VPA was 62.0% for self-report and 9.6% for accelerometry. According to the NHANES 2005-2006, fewer than 10% of U.S. adults met the PAGA according to accelerometry. However, physical activity estimates vary substantially depending on whether self-reported or measured via accelerometer. Copyright © 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              A rapid food screener to assess fat and fruit and vegetable intake.

              The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that Americans lower dietary fat and cholesterol intake and increase fiber and fruit/vegetables to reduce prevalence of heart disease, cancer, stroke, hypertension, obesity, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the United States. To provide preventive services to all, a rapid, inexpensive, and valid method of assessing dietary intake is needed. We used a one-page food intake screener based on national nutrition data. Respondents can complete and score the screener in a few minutes and can receive immediate, brief feedback. Two hundred adults self-administered the food screener. We compared fat, fiber, and fruit/vegetable intake estimates derived from the screener with estimates from a full-length, 100-item validated questionnaire. The screener was effective in identifying persons with high-fat intake, or low-fruit/vegetable intake. We found correlations of 0.6-0.7 (p<0. 0001) for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and fruit/vegetable intake. The screener could identify persons with high percentages of calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, or cholesterol, and persons with low intakes of vitamin C, fiber, or potassium. This screener is a useful tool for quickly monitoring patients' diets. The health care provider can use it as a prelude to brief counseling or as the first stage of triage. Persons who score poorly can be referred for more extensive evaluation by low-cost paper-and-pencil methods. Those who still have poor scores at the second stage ultimately can be referred for in-person counseling.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Food Nutr Res
                Food Nutr Res
                FNR
                Food & Nutrition Research
                Co-Action Publishing
                1654-6628
                1654-661X
                16 August 2012
                2012
                : 56
                : 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.17787
                Affiliations
                [1 ]UT Obesity Research Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [2 ]Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [3 ]The University of Tennessee Extension, Family and Consumer Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [4 ]Department of Retail, Hospitality and Tourism, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [5 ]Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [6 ]Department of Kinesiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [7 ]Office of Information Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
                [8 ]University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
                Author notes
                [* ] Naima Moustaid-Moussa, Texas Tech University, College of Human Sciences, Nutritional Sciences program, 1301 Akron Avenue, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. Email: naima.moustaid-moussa@ 123456ttu.edu
                Article
                FNR-56-17787
                10.3402/fnr.v56i0.17787
                3422465
                22912600
                02915b15-9790-44a6-82ca-1c25f4c5babe
                © 2012 Naima Moustaid-Moussa et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 01 March 2012
                : 07 July 2012
                : 14 July 2012
                Categories
                Original Article

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                brfss,obesity,overweight,parents,physical activity,health behaviors,diet
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                brfss, obesity, overweight, parents, physical activity, health behaviors, diet

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