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      Productividad de diez cultivares promisorios de papa chaucha (Solanum tuberosum, grupo Phureja) de la región Cajamarca Translated title: Productivity of ten promising chaucha potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum, Phureja group) in the Cajamarca region

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó la productividad de diez cultivares de papa chaucha de la Región Cajamarca, en Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar, con diez tratamientos (cultivares) y tres repeticiones: Peruanita 3, Montañera 2, Limeña, Amarilla, Clavelina 2, Roja 2, Mulla, Huagalina, Amarilla mahuay y Chimbina colorada. Se evaluó altura de planta, número de tallos, número total de tubérculos, número de tubérculos comerciales, peso total de tubérculos, peso de tubérculos comerciales, materia seca de tubérculos, peso seco del follaje e índice de cosecha. El rendimiento varió de 5,0 (Huagalina) a 11,5 t ha-1 (Amarilla mahuay) con una media de 8,6 t ha-1. El peso total de tubérculos, el peso de tubérculos comerciales, el número total de tubérculos y el peso seco del follaje, presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre cultivares. Los cultivares Limeña y Huagalina fueron estadísticamente inferiores al resto de cultivares, en peso total de tubérculos y peso de tubérculos comerciales. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas para número de tallos e índice de cosecha. Los mejores índices de cosecha se registraron en Huagalina (46%), Amarilla mahuay (45%) y Clavelina 2 (42%).

          Translated abstract

          The productivity of ten treatments (chaucha cultivars) with three replications, all from the Cajamarca Region, were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design: Peruanita 3 Mountaineer 2 Limeña, Yellow, Clavelina 2 Red 2 Mulla, Huagalina, yellow and red Chimbina mahuay. Plant height, number of stems, number of tubers, number of commercial tubers, total weight of tubers, weight of commercial tubers, tuber dry matter, dry weight of foliage and harvest index were evaluated. The yield ranged from 5.0 (Huagalina) to 11.5 t ha-1 (Yellow mahuay) with an average of 8.6 t ha-1. The total weight of tubers, weight of commercial tubers, total number of tubers and foliage dry weight, showed statistically significant differences between cultivars. The Limeña and Huagalina cultivars were statistically lower than the other cultivars regarding total weight of tubers and weight of commercial tubers. Highly significant differences for number of stems and harvest index were found. Best harvest index were recorded in Huagalina (46%), Yellow mahuay (45%) and Clavelina 2 (42%).

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          Most cited references46

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          Reclassification of landrace populations of cultivated potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota).

          Cultivated potatoes have been classified as species under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and as cultivar-groups under the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants (ICNCP); both classifications are still widely used. This study examines morphological support for the classification of landrace populations of cultivated potatoes, using representatives of all seven species and most subspecies as outlined in the latest taxonomic treatment. These taxa are S. ajanhuiri, S. chaucha, S. curtilobum, S. juzepczukii, S. phureja subsp. phureja, S. stenotomum subsp. stenotomum, S. stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx, S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum, and S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum. The results show some phenetic support for S. ajanhuiri, S. chaucha, S. curtilobum, S. juzepczukii, and S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, but little support for the other taxa. Most morphological support is by using a suite of characters, all of which are shared with other taxa (polythetic support). These results, combined with their likely hybrid origins, multiple origins, evolutionary dynamics of continuing hybridization, and our classification philosophy, leads us to recognize all landrace populations of cultivated potatoes as a single species, S. tuberosum, with the eight cultivar-groups: Ajanhuiri Group, Andigenum Group, Chaucha Group, Chilotanum Group, Curtilobum Group, Juzepczukii Group, Phureja Group, and Stenotomum Group. We defer classification of modern cultivars, traditionally classified in Tuberosum Group, to a later study.
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            Genetic analysis of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. Phureja Group using RAPDs and nuclear SSRs.

            The Solanum tuberosum L. Phureja Group consists of potato landraces widely grown in the Andes from western Venezuela to central Bolivia, and forms an important breeding stock due to their excellent culinary properties and other traits for developing modern varieties. They have been distinguished by short-day adaptation, diploid ploidy (2n = 2x = 24), and lack of tuber dormancy. This nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR or microsatellite) study complements a prior random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) study to explore the use of these markers to form a core collection of cultivar groups of potatoes. Like this prior RAPD study, we analyzed 128 accessions of the Phureja Group using nuclear microsatellites (nSSR). Twenty-six of the 128 accessions were invariant for 22 nSSR markers assayed. The nSSR data uncovered 25 unexpected triploid and tetraploid accessions. Chromosome counts of the 102 accessions confirmed these nSSR results and highlighted seven more triploids or tetraploids. Thus, these nSSR markers (except 1) are good indicators of ploidy for diploid potatoes in 92% of the cases. The nSSR and RAPD results: (1) were highly discordant for the remaining 70 accessions that were diploid and variable in nSSR, (2) show the utility of nSSRs to effectively uncover many ploidy variants in cultivated potato, (3) support the use of a cultivar-group (rather than a species) classification of cultivated potato, (4) fail to support a relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance, (5) question the use of any single type of molecular marker to construct core collections.
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              Iron and zinc concentration of native Andean potato cultivars from a human nutrition perspective

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                agro
                Scientia Agropecuaria
                Scientia Agropecuaria
                Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias (Trujillo, , Peru )
                2077-9917
                2014
                : 5
                : 4
                : 165-175
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Cajamarca orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Programa de Raíces y Tubérculos Andinos
                Article
                S2077-99172014000400001 S2077-9917(14)00500400001
                10.17268/sci.agropecu.2014.04.01
                02ac672f-c358-4fb6-8469-5ac16a5e8de6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 July 2014
                : 17 October 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos originales

                índice de cosecha,Native potato,diploid,yield,harvest index,Papa nativa,diploide,rendimiento

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