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      Heartbeat optical coherence elastography: corneal biomechanics in vivo

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          Abstract.

          Significance: Mechanical assessment of the cornea can provide important structural and functional information regarding its health. Current clinically available tools are limited in their efficacy at measuring corneal mechanical properties. Elastography allows for the direct estimation of mechanical properties of tissues in vivo but is generally performed using external excitation force.

          Aim: To show that heartbeat optical coherence elastography (Hb-OCE) can be used to assess the mechanical properties of the cornea in vivo.

          Approach: Hb-OCE was utilized to detect Hb-induced deformations in the rabbit cornea in vivo without the need for external excitation. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this technique can distinguish corneal stiffness between untreated (UT) and crosslinked (CXL) tissue.

          Results: Our results demonstrate that stiffness changes in the cornea can be detected using only the Hb-induced deformations in the cornea. Additionally, we demonstrate a statistically significant difference in strain between the UT and CXL corneas.

          Conclusions: Hb-OCE may be an effective tool for assessing the mechanical properties of the cornea in vivo without the need for external excitation. This tool may be effective for clinical assessment of corneal mechanical properties because it only requires optical coherence tomography imaging and data processing.

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          Most cited references43

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          Determining in vivo biomechanical properties of the cornea with an ocular response analyzer.

          David Luce (2005)
          To study the results of an ocular response analyzer (ORA) to determine the biomechanical properties of the cornea and their relationship to intraocular pressure (IOP). Reichert Inc., Depew, New York, USA. The ORA (Reichert) makes 2 essentially instantaneous applanation measurements that permit determination of corneal and IOP effects. Measurements of several populations indicate that corneal hysteresis, a biomechanical measure, varied over a dynamic range of 1.8 to 14.6 mm Hg and was only weakly correlated with corneal thickness (r(2)=0.12); this is related to the observation that some subjects with relatively thick corneas have less-than-average corneal hysteresis. Corneal hysteresis changes diurnally, presumably as a result of hydration changes. Keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and post-LASIK patients demonstrated low corneal hysteresis. The corneal hysteresis biomechanical measure may prove valuable for qualification and predictions of outcomes of refractive surgery and in other cases in which corneal biomechanics are important.
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            Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited].

            Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
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              Biomechanical properties of keratoconus and normal corneas.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Biomed Opt
                J Biomed Opt
                JBOPFO
                JBO
                Journal of Biomedical Optics
                Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
                1083-3668
                1560-2281
                23 February 2021
                February 2021
                23 February 2021
                : 26
                : 2
                : 020502
                Affiliations
                [a ]University of Houston , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
                [b ]University of Houston , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
                Author notes
                [* ]Address all correspondence to Kirill V. Larin, klarin@ 123456uh.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-5451
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-5027
                Article
                JBO-200338LR 200338LR
                10.1117/1.JBO.26.2.020502
                7901857
                33624461
                02ad44a9-88ec-476c-8168-bbd1004cd605
                © 2021 The Authors

                Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

                History
                : 14 October 2020
                : 19 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 0, References: 43, Pages: 8
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health https://doi.org/10.13039/100000002
                Award ID: R01EY022362
                Award ID: P30EY007551
                Funded by: NLM Training Program in Biomedical Informatics and Data Science
                Award ID: T15LM007093
                Categories
                JBO Letters
                Letter
                Custom metadata
                Nair et al.: Heartbeat optical coherence elastography: corneal biomechanics…

                Biomedical engineering
                cornea,tissue biomechanics,optical coherence elastography,optical coherence tomography,in vivo,ocular pulse

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