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      Avaliação dos hábitos de exposição ao sol e de fotoproteção dos universitários da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS Translated title: Evaluation of solar exposure and sun-protection behaviors among university students in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Brazil

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          Abstract

          FUNDAMENTOS: Sabe-se que a mudança de hábito da população mundial com relação à exposição ao sol provocou aumento da incidência de câncer da pele nas últimas décadas. Tais informações são especialmente relevantes na Região Sul, na qual há maior prevalência da população branca, mais propensa aos danos solares, em comparação ao restante do Brasil. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os hábitos de exposição ao sol e de fotoproteção dos universitários da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre no período de julho a setembro de 2001. MÉTODOS: Foram respondidos 1.030 questionários por universitários residentes na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. RESULTADOS: Nos finais de semana, 38,4% dos estudantes permanecem ao sol entre duas e seis horas diárias. Durante o verão, 43,7% deles se expõem ao sol entre as 10 e as 15h; 85% dos estudantes afirmam usar filtro solar, mas 65% não o usam ao praticar esportes ao ar livre. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores observaram que a maioria dos universitários se expõe excessivamente ao sol, em horários impróprios e sem efetiva proteção solar.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: It is known that changes in the habits of the world population with regard to solar exposure, have caused an increased rate of skin cancer in the last few decades. This information is especially relevant in the Southern region of Brazil, due to the higher prevalence of Caucasians, who are more vulnerable to harm from the sun, compared to other darker skinned Brazilians. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the habits of solar exposure and sun-protection among university students in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, from July to September 2001. METHODS: 1030 questionnaires were answered by university students living in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre. RESULTS: On weekends, 38.4% of the students expose themselves to the sun for 2 to 6 hours daily. During the summer, 43.7% expose themselves to the sun between 10 am and 3 pm. Eighty-five per cent of the students affirmed that they use sunscreen, but 65% do not use it when practicing outdoor sports. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that most university students expose themselves excessively to the sun at inappropriate times of the day and without effective protection against the sun.

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          Most cited references29

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          Mechanisms of sunscreen failure.

          Sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn and later skin cancer. However, sunscreen use has paradoxically been associated with the increasing incidence of skin cancer. One explanation for this puzzling observation is sunscreen failure (sunburn in the setting of sunscreen). Our purpose was to evaluate mechanisms of sunscreen failure in a sunscreen-using population. We carried out an epidemiologic comparison of sunburned and nonsunburned beachgoers who used sunscreen. We found that men were less likely to use sunscreen than women (chi(2) = 11.3, df = 1, P = .001), and when it was used, men were less likely to apply sunscreen to all sunlight-exposed skin (chi(2) = 18.4, df = 1, P = .0001). Swimmers who used sunscreen were significantly more likely to be sunburned compared with nonswimming sunscreen users (Fisher exact test, df = 1). Sunscreen may fail to prevent sunburn if it is washed off during swimming or if it is not applied to all exposed skin. Epidemiologic studies that link sunscreen use to skin cancer should evaluate whether sunburn occurred in this setting.
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            Sun protection factor measurement of sunscreens is dependent on minimal erythema dose.

            This study investigates the influence of skin colour and minimal erythema dose (MED) on the in vivo determination of sunscreen sun protection factors (SPFs). The MEDs of groups of 10-20 subjects were measured on the lower back with a 1000-W solar-simulated xenon arc lamp. Five sunscreens, with commercially measured SPFs ranging from 4 to 30 + were then tested on the different groups, and their SPFs were correlated with volunteers' MEDs. We found that the sunscreens had higher SPF values when tested on subjects with lower MEDs and paler skin. The SPF values obtained with our ultraviolet (UV) source were lower than the SPF values reported with commercially used solar simulators. We conclude that while SPF tests with artificial UV sources and pale-skinned volunteers can and should be used to rank the efficacy of various sunscreens in preventing sunburn, they should not be interpreted as measures of a sunscreen's absolute level of sun protection. Factors such as the differences in skin colour and MED between subjects used for SPF testing and the general population, the spectral differences between sunlight and artificial UV, as well as the tendency of the public to apply only small amounts of sunscreen and to re-apply it infrequently, mean that laboratory and sunlight SPFs may be markedly different.
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              Apperance,cosmetics, and body art in adolescents

              D Marcoux (2000)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abd
                Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
                An. Bras. Dermatol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1806-4841
                April 2004
                : 79
                : 2
                : 149-155
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Luterana do Brasil Brazil
                Article
                S0365-05962004000200003
                10.1590/S0365-05962004000200003
                02f4d87b-f4fd-42a9-bf11-1ec6a7fbade1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0365-0596&lng=en
                Categories
                DERMATOLOGY

                Dermatology
                students,sunscreening agents,estudantes,protetores de raios solares
                Dermatology
                students, sunscreening agents, estudantes, protetores de raios solares

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