For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
73
views
35
references
 Top references
cited by
87
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      61
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes and Clinical Manifestations in Children, Peru

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          One-sentence summary for table of contents: Different genotypes and subtypes are linked to different clinical manifestations.

          Abstract

          To determine whether clinical manifestations are associated with genotypes or subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp., we studied a 4-year longitudinal birth cohort of 533 children in Peru. A total of 156 infection episodes were found in 109 children. Data from first infections showed that C. hominis was associated with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, general malaise, and increased oocyst shedding intensity and duration. In contrast, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis, and C. felis were associated with diarrhea only. C. hominis subtype families were identified (Ia, Ib, Id, and Ie); all were associated with diarrhea. Ib was also associated with nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. All C. parvum specimens belonged to subtype family IIc. Analysis of risk factors did not show associations with specific Cryptosporidium spp. genotypes or subtypes. These findings strongly suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. and subtypes are linked to different clinical manifestations in children.

          Related collections

          Most cited references35

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Unique endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait.

          Hasan F. Al-Azzawi, Zahra Iqbal, Hussein Shweiki … (2005)
          To understand the transmission of Cryptosporidium infection in children, fecal specimens from 62 Kuwaiti children with gastrointestinal symptoms found to be positive by microscopy were genotyped and subtyped with a small subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and a 60-kDa glycoprotein-based DNA sequencing tool. The median age of infected children was 4.5 years, and 77% of infections occurred during the cool season of November to April. Fifty-eight of the children (94%) had Cryptosporidium parvum, three (5%) had Cryptosporidium hominis, and one (1%) had both C. parvum and C. hominis. Altogether, 13 subtypes of C. parvum (belonging to four subtype allele families) and C. hominis (belonging to three subtype allele families) were observed, with 92% of specimens belonging to the common allele family IIa and the unusual allele family IId. Thus, the transmission of cryptosporidiosis in Kuwaiti children differed significantly from other tropical countries.
          Article 0 comments Cited 130 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Identification of 5 types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima, Peru.

            J. Limor, R Gilman, José L. Cabrera-Ponce … (2001)
            Cryptosporidium parvum is usually considered to be the pathogen responsible for human cryptosporidiosis. We genotyped Cryptosporidium in 132 stool specimens from 80 Peruvian children, representing 85 infection episodes, using techniques that differentiate Cryptosporidium species and C. parvum genotypes. Five types of Cryptosporidium were identified: C. parvum human (67), bovine (8), and dog (2) genotypes, C. meleagridis (7), and C. felis (1). Twenty-five (29%) of the 85 infection episodes were associated with diarrhea. There was no significant difference in age, antecedent stunting, percentage with diarrhea, or duration of diarrhea for episodes with human genotype, compared with those of zoonotic Cryptosporidium. Duration of oocyst shedding was longer for human genotype than for zoonotic Cryptosporidium (mean, 13.9 days and 6.4 days, respectively; P=.004). Serum samples from 8 children with C. meleagridis, C. felis, or C. parvum dog genotype were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 antibodies; all were found to be negative. Contrary to common belief, novel Cryptosporidium species and C. parvum genotypes can infect HIV-negative children.
            Article 0 comments Cited 105 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health.

              Lihua Xiao, Daniel Upton, Ronald Fayer … (2003)
              There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades. This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity among Cryptosporidium spp. A review of the biologic species concept, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and current practices for Cryptosporidium species designation calls for the establishment of guidelines for naming Cryptosporidium species. All reports of new Cryptosporidium species should include at least four basic components: oocyst morphology, natural host specificity, genetic characterizations, and compliance with the ICZN. Altogether, 13 Cryptosporidium spp. are currently recognized: C. muris, C. andersoni, C. parvum, C. hominis, C. wrairi, C. felis, and C. cannis in mammals; C. baïleyi, C. meleagridis, and C. galli in birds; C. serpentis and C. saurophilum in reptiles; and C. molnari in fish. With the establishment of a framework for naming Cryptosporidium species and the availability of new taxonomic tools, there should be less confusion associated with the taxonomy of the genus Cryptosporidium. The clarification of Cryptosporidium taxonomy is also useful for understanding the biology of Cryptosporidium spp., assessing the public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp. in animals and the environment, characterizing transmission dynamics, and tracking infection and contamination sources.
              Article 0 comments Cited 84 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): October 2008
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1567-1574
                Affiliations
                [1]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (V.A. Cama, C. Bern, J. Roberts, L. Xiao)
                [2]Asociacion Benefica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura, Lima, Peru (L. Cabrera)
                [3]University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA (C.R. Sterling)
                [4]University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA (Y. Ortega)
                [5]The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (R.H. Gilman)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Lihua Xiao, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop F12, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; e-mail: lxiao@ 123456cdc.gov
                Article
                Publisher ID: 07-1273
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1410.071273
                PMC ID: 2609889
                PubMed ID: 18826821
                SO-VID: 03018f99-3b4d-49c7-8845-514ac668202d
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: virulence,cryptosporidium,genotype,pediatric,diarrhea,research,molecular epidemiology,subtype,cryptosporidiosis,clinical presentations
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: virulence, cryptosporidium, genotype, pediatric, diarrhea, research, molecular epidemiology, subtype, cryptosporidiosis, clinical presentations

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content61

                See all similar

                Cited by84

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors490

                See all reference authors