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      Electrotactile and vibrotactile displays for sensory substitution systems.

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          Abstract

          Sensory substitution systems provide their users with environmental information through a human sensory channel (eye, ear, or skin) different from that normally used, or with the information processed in some useful way. We review the methods used to present visual, auditory, and modified tactile information to the skin. First, we discuss present and potential future applications of sensory substitution, including tactile vision substitution (TVS), tactile auditory substitution, and remote tactile sensing or feedback (teletouch). Next, we review the relevant sensory physiology of the skin, including both the mechanisms of normal touch and the mechanisms and sensations associated with electrical stimulation of the skin using surface electrodes (electrotactile (also called electrocutaneous) stimulation). We briefly summarize the information-processing ability of the tactile sense and its relevance to sensory substitution. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current tactile display technologies and suggest areas requiring further research for sensory substitution systems to become more practical.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          IEEE Trans Biomed Eng
          IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering
          Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
          0018-9294
          0018-9294
          Jan 1991
          : 38
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
          Article
          10.1109/10.68204
          2026426
          030bd5fe-d529-4392-b61d-0089eab08e18
          History

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