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      Prevalência de anemia ferropriva no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática Translated title: Prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in Brazil: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Revisar os estudos de prevalência de anemia no Brasil publicados entre janeiro de 1996 e janeiro de 2007. FONTES DE DADOS: Por meio de revisão sistemática nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline e Lilacs, foram selecionados títulos científicos publicados no intervalo de onze anos referentes à prevalência de anemia no Brasil em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade. Foram excluídos artigos de revisão, relatos de caso e trabalhos que relacionaram anemia a outras doenças e ao período gestacional. Para a análise comparativa das variáveis categóricas de interesse nos artigos encontrados, realizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher, levando-se em conta o nível de significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05). SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os dados medianos encontrados para a prevalência de anemia foram de 53%, confirmando valores estimados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e considerados elevados. Nos 53 artigos analisados, a variável que se associou de forma significante à anemia foi a idade da criança (p=0,012). CONCLUSÕES: Os estudos mostram alta prevalência de anemia, principalmente em crianças menores de dois anos. No entanto, os trabalhos foram realizados em creches, visitas domiciliares e Unidades Básicas de Saúde, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas com amostras de base populacional.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review on the prevalence of anemia due to iron-deficiency in Brazil from January 1996 to January 2007. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases (Medline and Lilacs) in an eleven-year interval to verify the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children who were less than five years of age in Brazil. Reviews, case reports and studies related to anemia during pregnancy and anemia caused by others diseases were excluded. In order to describe the categorical variables according to the selected articles, the chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used. The significance level adopted was 5% (p<0.05). DATA SYNTHESIS: The median prevalence level of anemia was 53%, which is considered a high prevalence rate by the World Health Organization. Among the 53 analyzed studies, the age of the children was the variable strongly associated with anemia (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of anemia, mostly in children less than two years of age, was observed in this review. However, most studies were carried out in day care centers or in Basic Health Care Units or were obtained by home interviews, suggesting that future research should focus populational studies.

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          Prevalence of anemia in children 6-59 months old in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

          Objective. To determine the prevalence of anemia in children 6-59 months old in Pernambuco, a state in northeastern Brazil, so as to help guide health and nutrition policies there. Methods. In 1997 a representative sample of 777 young children had their hemoglobin concentration measured. The sampling process was in three stages. First, 18 municipalities were randomly selected to represent the state and its three geographic areas (metropolitan region of Recife, urban interior, and rural interior). Next, using census lists, 45 census sectors were randomly chosen. Finally, 777 children aged 6-59 months old were selected. Blood was collected by venipuncture, and hemoglobin was measured with a portable hemoglobinometer. In the analysis, prevalence was weighted to reflect the census age distribution. Results. The prevalence of anemia among children 6-59 months old was 40.9% for the state as a whole. Prevalence in the metropolitan region of Recife was 39.6%, and it was 35.9% in the urban interior. The rural interior had the highest prevalence, 51.4%. Prevalence was twice as high in children aged 6-23 months as among those 24-59 months old, 61.8% vs. 31.0% (chi² = 77.9, P < 0.001). The mean hemoglobin concentrations in the younger and older age groups were 10.4 g/dL (standard deviation (SD) = 1.5) and 11.4 g/dL (SD = 1.4), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes in terms of prevalence. Conclusions. This is the first statewide assessment of anemia prevalence among young children in Brazil. Given the very high prevalence of anemia among the children studied in Pernambuco, especially those in the age group of 6-23 months, public health interventions are needed.
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            Hemoglobin measured by Hemocue and a reference method in venous and capillary blood: a validation study

            Objective. To assess the comparability of hemoglobin concentration (Hb) in venous and capillary blood measured by Hemocue and an automated spectrophotometer (Celldyn) and to document the influence of type of blood (capillary or venous) and analysis method on anemia prevalence estimates. Material and Methods. Between February and May 2000, capillary and venous samples were collected from 72 adults and children at Hospital del Niño Morelense (Morelos State Children's Hospital) in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, and assessed for Hb using the Hemocue and Celldyn methods. Estimated Hb levels were compared using the concordance correlation coefficient and Student's t test for paired data. The sensitivity and specificity for anemia diagnosis were estimated and compared between type of blood and method of assessment. Results. Capillary blood had higher Hb (+0.5g/dl) than venous blood in adults and children, as did samples assessed by Celldyn compared to Hemocue (+0.3g/dl). Specificity to detect anemia was adequate (>0.90) but sensitivity was low for capillary blood assessed by Hemocue (<0.80). Conclusions. The difference in Hb between venous and capillary blood is likely related to biological variability. Hemoglobin concentration in capillary blood assessed by Hemocue provides an adequate estimation of population anemia prevalence but may result in excess false negative diagnoses among individuals. The results of this study stress the importance of sample collection technique, particularly for children. Method of analysis and sampling site need to be taken into consideration in field studies.
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              Childhood anemia prevalence and associated factors in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

              A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1996 to estimate the prevalence of anemia in a stratified sample of 603 preschool children and identify factors associated with the disease. Hemoglobin assays were conducted in finger-prick blood samples using a Hemocue hemoglobinometer. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin below 11.0g/dl. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the potential associations. Observed anemia prevalence was 46.3%. Associated factors were: the 6-12-month and 12-24-month age brackets, the lowest tertiles for iron density and protein content dietary intake, and any degree of deficit in the height-for-age anthropometric parameter. Inadequate physical, sanitary, and environmental conditions in the home were associated with a significantly increased risk of anemia. Anemia constitutes an important health problem in this study's child population. Improvements in living conditions and dietary quality could contribute to a reduction in anemia prevalence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpp
                Revista Paulista de Pediatria
                Rev. paul. pediatr.
                Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0103-0582
                1984-0462
                March 2009
                : 27
                : 1
                : 90-98
                Affiliations
                [02] Campinas SP orgnameUnicamp orgdiv1FCM orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatria Brasil
                [01] Campinas SP orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Nutrição orgdiv2Centro de Ciências da Vida Brasil
                Article
                S0103-05822009000100014 S0103-0582(09)02700114
                10.1590/S0103-05822009000100014
                0385ec43-9d99-49f1-a294-cd38cb948cce

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 June 2008
                : 18 August 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 63, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos de Revisão

                infant,iron-deficiency,iron deficiency,review,prevalence,anemia ferropriva,lactente,prevalência,revisão,deficiência de ferro,anemia

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