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      Sex- and season-dependent differences in telomere length and telomerase activity in the leaves of ash and willow

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          Abstract

          Telomeres and telomerase have important biological functions and can protect chromosome ends. In this study, sex- and season-dependent changes in telomere length and telomerase activity in ash and willow were analyzed. A statistical analysis showed that the telomere lengths of male and female trees differed significantly (P < 0.05). In ash, the telomere lengths of female trees were shorter than those of male trees. In willow, the telomere lengths of female trees were longer than those of male trees. During the annual developmental cycle, the telomere lengths of male and female ash and willow increased from April to May (P < 0.05), remained stable from May to August (P > 0.05), and decreased significantly in September and October (P < 0.05). Additionally, telomerase activities could be detected in both male and female ash and willow trees from April to October. Our results show that the telomere lengths changed according to season and sex in ash and willow. Telomere length did not have a direct positive correlation with telomerase activity.

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          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-163) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Advances in quantification and characterization of telomerase activity by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).

          The telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay has been used to test telomerase activity in numerous cancer specimens. We describe primers, controls and quantification methods for the TRAP assay to accurately measure the level of telomerase activity in clinical samples. The assay is reliable and reproducible in routine analyses and can be used to estimate the processivity of telomerase activity.
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            The biogenesis and regulation of telomerase holoenzymes.

            Chromosome stability requires a dynamic balance of DNA loss and gain in each terminal tract of telomeric repeats. Repeat addition by a specialized reverse transcriptase, telomerase, has an important role in maintaining this equilibrium. Insights that have been gained into the cellular pathways for biogenesis and regulation of telomerase ribonucleoproteins raise new questions, particularly concerning the dynamic nature of this unique polymerase.
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              Sex-specific telomere length profiles and age-dependent erosion dynamics of individual chromosome arms in humans.

              During aging, telomeres are gradually shortened, eventually leading to cellular senescence. By T/C-FISH (telomere/centromere-FISH), we investigated human telomere length differences on single chromosome arms of 205 individuals in different age groups and sexes. For all chromosome arms, we found a linear correlation between telomere length and donor age. Generally, males had shorter telomeres and higher attrition rates. Every chromosome arm had its individual age-specific telomere length and erosion pattern, resulting in an unexpected heterogeneity in chromosome-specific regression lines. This differential erosion pattern, however, does not seem to be accidental, since we found a correlation between average telomere length of single chromosome arms in newborns and their annual attrition rate. Apart from the above-mentioned sex-specific discrepancies, chromosome arm-specific telomere lengths were strikingly similar in men and women. This implies a mechanism that arm specifically regulates the telomere length independent of gender, thus leading to interchromosomal telomere variations. 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                xmy129@126.com
                smilerfang@126.com
                zhili20052@126.com
                zhangdandan0502@126.com
                songhan@bjfu.edu.cn
                luhai1974@bjfu.edu.cn
                lifl@bjfu.edu.cn
                liudi@bjfu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Springerplus
                Springerplus
                SpringerPlus
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                2193-1801
                28 March 2014
                28 March 2014
                2014
                : 3
                : 163
                Affiliations
                [ ]College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Mail-box 162#, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
                [ ]National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
                [ ]Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
                [ ]The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
                Article
                873
                10.1186/2193-1801-3-163
                3977023
                039478fc-e3ef-4685-ac4a-da068e658ce2
                © Mu et al.; licensee Springer. 2014

                This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

                History
                : 8 January 2014
                : 24 March 2014
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2014

                Uncategorized
                ash,willow,sex-specific,season-specific,telomere length,telomerase activity
                Uncategorized
                ash, willow, sex-specific, season-specific, telomere length, telomerase activity

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