Comparison of fast acquisition strategies in whole‐heart four‐dimensional flow cardiac MR: Two‐center, 1.5 Tesla, phantom and in vivo validation study

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Purpose

To validate three widely‐used acceleration methods in four‐dimensional (4D) flow cardiac MR; segmented 4D‐spoiled‐gradient‐echo (4D‐SPGR), 4D‐echo‐planar‐imaging (4D‐EPI), and 4D‐ k‐t Broad‐use Linear Acquisition Speed‐up Technique (4D‐ k‐t BLAST).

Materials and Methods

Acceleration methods were investigated in static/pulsatile phantoms and 25 volunteers on 1.5 Tesla MR systems. In phantoms, flow was quantified by 2D phase‐contrast (PC), the three 4D flow methods and the time‐beaker flow measurements. The later was used as the reference method. Peak velocity and flow assessment was done by means of all sequences. For peak velocity assessment 2D PC was used as the reference method. For flow assessment, consistency between mitral inflow and aortic outflow was investigated for all pulse‐sequences. Visual grading of image quality/artifacts was performed on a four‐point‐scale (0 = no artifacts; 3 = nonevaluable).

Results

For the pulsatile phantom experiments, the mean error for 2D PC = 1.0 ± 1.1%, 4D‐SPGR = 4.9 ± 1.3%, 4D‐EPI = 7.6 ± 1.3% and 4D‐ k‐t BLAST = 4.4 ± 1.9%. In vivo, acquisition time was shortest for 4D‐EPI (4D‐EPI = 8 ± 2 min versus 4D‐SPGR = 9 ± 3 min, P < 0.05 and 4D‐ k‐t BLAST = 9 ± 3 min, P = 0.29). 4D‐EPI and 4D‐ k‐t BLAST had minimal artifacts, while for 4D‐SPGR, 40% of aortic valve/mitral valve (AV/MV) assessments scored 3 (nonevaluable). Peak velocity assessment using 4D‐EPI demonstrated best correlation to 2D PC (AV:r = 0.78, P < 0.001; MV:r = 0.71, P < 0.001). Coefficient of variability (CV) for net forward flow (NFF) volume was least for 4D‐EPI (7%) (2D PC:11%, 4D‐SPGR: 29%, 4D‐ k‐t BLAST: 30%, respectively).

Conclusion

In phantom, all 4D flow techniques demonstrated mean error of less than 8%. 4D‐EPI demonstrated the least susceptibility to artifacts, good image quality, modest agreement with the current reference standard for peak intra‐cardiac velocities and the highest consistency of intra‐cardiac flow quantifications.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:272–281.

Related collections

Most cited references 21

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

SPIRiT: Iterative self-consistent parallel imaging reconstruction from arbitrary k-space.

M Pauly, Michael Lustig (2010)

A new approach to autocalibrating, coil-by-coil parallel imaging reconstruction, is presented. It is a generalized reconstruction framework based on self-consistency. The reconstruction problem is formulated as an optimization that yields the most consistent solution with the calibration and acquisition data. The approach is general and can accurately reconstruct images from arbitrary k-space sampling patterns. The formulation can flexibly incorporate additional image priors such as off-resonance correction and regularization terms that appear in compressed sensing. Several iterative strategies to solve the posed reconstruction problem in both image and k-space domain are presented. These are based on a projection over convex sets and conjugate gradient algorithms. Phantom and in vivo studies demonstrate efficient reconstructions from undersampled Cartesian and spiral trajectories. Reconstructions that include off-resonance correction and nonlinear l(1)-wavelet regularization are also demonstrated.

0 comments Cited 106 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Mitral valve and tricuspid valve blood flow: accurate quantification with 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging with retrospective valve tracking.

Jos Westenberg, Stijntje D Roes, Jeroen J. Bax … (2008)

To validate flow assessment performed with three-dimensional (3D) three-directional velocity-encoded (VE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with retrospective valve tracking and to compare this modality with conventional two-dimensional (2D) one-directional VE MR imaging in healthy subjects and patients with regurgitation. Patients and volunteers gave informed consent, and local medical ethics committee approval was obtained. Patient data were selected retrospectively and randomly from a database of MR studies obtained between July 2006 and July 2007. The 3D three-directional VE MR images were first validated in vitro and compared with 2D one-directional VE MR images. Mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) flow were assessed in 10 volunteers without valve insufficiency and 20 patients with valve insufficiency, with aortic systolic stroke volume (ASSV) as the reference standard. Phantom validation showed less than 5% error for both techniques. In volunteers, 3D three-directional VE MR images showed no bias for MV or TV flow when compared with ASSV, whereas 2D one-directional VE MR images showed significant bias for MV flow (15% overestimation, P < .01). TV flow showed 25% overestimation; however, this was insignificant because of the high standard deviation. Correlation with ASSV was strong for 3D three-directional VE MR imaging (r = 0.96, P < .01 for MV flow; r = 0.88, P < .01 for TV flow) and between MV and TV flow (r = 0.91, P < .01); however, correlation was weaker for 2D one-directional VE MR imaging (r = 0.80, P < .01 for MV flow; r = 0.22, P = .55 for TV flow) and between MV flow and TV flow (r = 0.34, P = .34). In patients (mean regurgitation fractions of 13% and 10% for MV flow and TV flow, respectively), correlation between MV flow and TV flow for 3D three-directional VE MR imaging was strong (r = 0.97, P < .01). Use of 3D three-directional VE MR imaging enables accurate MV and TV flow quantification, even in patients with valve regurgitation. RSNA, 2008

0 comments Cited 68 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Flow assessment through four heart valves simultaneously using 3-dimensional 3-directional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging with retrospective valve tracking in healthy volunteers and patients with valvular regurgitation.

Sebastiaan Hammer, Albert de Roos, Jos Westenberg … (2009)

To validate 3-dimensional (3D) 3-directional velocity-encoded (VE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for flow assessment through all 4 heart valves simultaneously with retrospective valve-tracking during off-line analysis in healthy volunteers and in patients with valvular regurgitation. Three-dimensional 3-directional VE MRI was performed in 22 healthy volunteers and in 29 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who were suspected of valvular regurgitation and net flow volumes through the 4 heart valves were compared. Furthermore, the analysis was repeated for each valve in 10 healthy volunteers and in 10 regurgitant valves to assess intra- and interobserver agreement for assessment of respectively net flow volumes and regurgitation fraction. In healthy volunteers, the average net flow volume through the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve was 85 +/- 20 mL, 85 +/- 21 mL, 83 +/- 19 mL, 82 +/- 21 mL, respectively. Strong correlations between net flow volumes through the 4 heart valves were observed (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] 0.93-0.95) and the coefficient of variance (CV) was small (6%-9%). The repeated analysis by the same observer and by a second observer yielded good agreement for measurement of net flow volumes (ICC: 0.93-0.99 and CV: 3%-7%). Strong correlations between the net flow volumes through the 4 heart valves were also observed in the patients with valvular regurgitation (ICC: 0.85-0.95 and CV: 7%-18%). The average net flow volume through the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve was 63 +/- 20 mL, 63 +/- 20 mL, 63 +/- 20 mL, 63 +/- 20 mL, respectively. Furthermore, the intra- and interobserver agreement for assessment of regurgitation fraction was good (ICC: 0.86 and 0.85, CV: 12% and 13%). Flow assessment using 3D 3-directional VE MR with retrospective valve-tracking during off-line analysis enables accurate quantification of net flow volumes through 4 heart valves within a single acquisition in healthy volunteers and in patients with valvular regurgitation.

0 comments Cited 42 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Sven Plein: s.plein@leeds.ac.uk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Magn Reson Imaging

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Magn Reson Imaging

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2586

Journal ID (publisher-id): JMRI

Title: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 1053-1807

ISSN (Electronic): 1522-2586

Publication date (Electronic): 04 May 2017

Publication date (Print): January 2018

Volume: 47

Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/jmri.v47.1 )

Pages: 272-281

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM) University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom

[ ² ] Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands

[ ³ ] Philips Healthcare Guildford United Kingdom

Author notes

[*] [* ]Address reprint requests to: S.P., Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. E‐mail: s.plein@ 123456leeds.ac.uk

Author information

Pankaj Garg http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-169X

Article

Publisher ID: JMRI25746

DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25746

PMC ID: 5801550

PubMed ID: 28470915

SO-VID: 03aa3bc1-2170-40af-81b2-6bd62cfb4003

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 27 February 2017

Date accepted : 07 April 2017

Page count

Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Pages: 10, Words: 4234

Funding

Funded by: British Heart Foundation

Award ID: FS/10/62/28409

Funded by: Dutch ZonMw

Award ID: 104003001

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

component-id jmri25746

cover-date January 2018

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.3.2.2 mode:remove_FC converted:07.02.2018

ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging

Keywords: 4d flow cardiac mr,phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging,mr flow imaging,flow quantification,validation

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging

Keywords: 4d flow cardiac mr, phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging, mr flow imaging, flow quantification, validation

Comparison of fast acquisition strategies in whole‐heart four‐dimensional flow cardiac MR: Two‐center, 1.5 Tesla, phantom and in vivo validation study

Read this article at

Abstract

Purpose

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Probing cerebral hemodynamics with BOLD fMRI

Most cited references 21

SPIRiT: Iterative self-consistent parallel imaging reconstruction from arbitrary k-space.

Mitral valve and tricuspid valve blood flow: accurate quantification with 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging with retrospective valve tracking.

Flow assessment through four heart valves simultaneously using 3-dimensional 3-directional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging with retrospective valve tracking in healthy volunteers and patients with valvular regurgitation.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Page count

Funding

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 51

Cited by 35

Most referenced authors 265