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      Profilaxis antimicrobiana en cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica Translated title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis related to otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCCIÓN. La profilaxis antimicrobiana disminuye las infecciones quirúrgicas, pero su empleo indiscriminado favorece el incremento de las tasas de infección, pues la resistencia bacteriana es mucho más probable en presencia de antibióticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los resultados de la antibioticoprofilaxis en la cirugía mayor electiva otorrinolaringológica. MÉTODOS. Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva-descriptiva del uso profiláctico de antibióticos en cirugía mayor electiva en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital «Comandante Manuel Fajardo», durante 6 años (2001-2006). El universo estuvo constituido por 661 pacientes y se estudiaron variables como sexo, edad y criterios de respuesta terapéutica (satisfactorio e insatisfactorio). Según la envergadura de la intervención, se administró antibioticoprofilaxis oral o parenteral y se realizó cultivo del sitio de la herida quirúrgica. RESULTADOS. Predominó el sexo masculino (54,1 %) y el grupo etario de 31 a 62 años. Requirió profilaxis antibiótica el 41,90 % de los pacientes operados. Ocurrió un 7,9 % de infecciones de la herida quirúrgica. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter y Escherichia coli. En las cirugías oncológicas de cabeza y cuello, el promedio de infecciones fue elevado (42,3 %). La evolución tórpida se debió a la concurrencia de factores de riesgo de infección. No se reportaron eventos adversos ni complicaciones graves. CONCLUSIONES. En otorrinolaringología, la profilaxis antimicrobiana funciona contra una amplia gama de microorganismos, pero no ocurre así en las cirugías oncológicas.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION. Antimicrobial prophylaxis decreases the surgical infections, but its indiscriminate use to favors the increment of infection rates and the bacterial resistance is much more probable in presence of antibiotics. The aim of present research was to evaluate the results of antibiotic prophylaxis in the otorhinolaryngology elective major surgery. METHODS. A retrospective-descriptive research was made on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in this type of surgery in the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the "Comandant Manuel Fajardo" during 6 years (2001-2006). Sample included 661 patients and the following variables were studied: sex, age and therapeutic response criteria (satisfactory and non-satisfactory). According to the intervention complexity oral antibiotic or parenteral prophylaxis was administered carrying out a surgical hound site culture. RESULTS. There was a predominance of male sex (54,1%) and the 31 and 62 age group. The 41,90% of patients operated on required antibiotic prophylaxis. The was a 7,9% of surgical wound infections. The more frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and Escherichia. In head and neck oncology surgeries infection average was high (42,3%). Torpid course was due to concurrence of infection risk factors. There were neither adverse events nor severe complications. CONCLUSIONS. In Otorhinolaryngology, antimicrobial prophylaxis works against a wide variety of microorganisms but not in the Oncology surgeries.

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          Visión actualizada de las infecciones intrahospitalarias

          Se hizo una revisión sobre el tema de las infecciones intrahospitalarias que incluyó la historia de esas infecciones desde sus orígenes, las grandes figuras de la medicina relacionadas con ellas y sus aportes, hasta los esfuerzos que en la actualidad se llevan a cabo en la prevención y el control de ese azote de los hospitales. Se brindaron datos que muestran el impacto negativo que sobre la salud, la economía y la sociedad tienen las infecciones nosocomiales. Se enunciaron los enfoques más modernos sobre el concepto y los factores que originan estas infecciones, así como sus actuales agentes causales. Todo lo anterior visto desde una óptica que abarca, no solo la realidad nacional sino también la internacional y concretamente en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto".
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            Prevention of wound complications following salvage laryngectomy using free vascularized tissue.

            Total laryngectomy following radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation therapy is associated with unacceptably high complication rates because of wound healing difficulties. With an ever increasing reliance on organ preservation protocols as primary treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer, the surgeon must develop techniques to minimize postoperative complications in salvage laryngectomy surgery. We have developed an approach using free tissue transfer in an effort to improve tissue vascularity, reinforce the pharyngeal suture line, and minimize complications in this difficult patient population. The purpose of this study was to outline our technique and determine the effectiveness of this new approach. We conducted a retrospective review of a prospective cohort and compared it with a historical group (surgical patients of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)-91-11 trial). Eligibility criteria for this study included patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy following failed attempts at organ preservation with either high-dose radiotherapy or concurrent chemo/radiation therapy regimen. Patients were excluded if the surgical defect required a skin paddle for pharyngeal closure. The prospective cohort consisted of 14 consecutive patients (10 males, 4 females; mean age, 58 years) who underwent free tissue reinforcement of the pharyngeal suture line following total laryngectomy. The historical comparison group consisted of 27 patients in the concomitant chemoradiotherapy arm of the RTOG-91-11 trial who met the same eligibility criteria (26 males, 1 female; mean age, 57 years) but did not undergo free tissue transfer or other form of suture line reinforcement. Minimum follow-up in both groups was 12 months. The overall pharyngocutaneous fistula rate was similar between groups-4/14 (29%) in the flap group, compared with 8/27 (30%) in the RTOG-91-11 group. There were no major wound complications in the flap group, compared with 4 (4/27, 14.8%) in the RTOG-91-11 group. There were no major fistulas in the flap group, compared with 3/27 (11.1%) in the RTOG-91-11 group. The rate of pharyngeal stricture requiring dilation was 6/14 (42%) in the flap group, compared with 7/27 (25.9%) in the RTOG-91-11 group. In our patients, the rate of tracheoesophageal speech was 14/14 (100%), and complete oral intake was achieved in 13/14 (93%) patients. Voice-Related Quality of Life Measure (V-RQOL) and Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Patients (PSS-HN) scores suggest that speech and swallowing functions are reasonable following free flap reinforcement. Free vascularized tissue reinforcement of primary pharyngeal closure in salvage laryngectomy following failed organ preservation is effective in preventing major wound complications but did not reduce the overall fistula rate. Fistulas that developed following this technique were relatively small, did not result in exposed major vessels, and were effectively treated with outpatient wound care rather than readmission to the hospital or return to operating room. Speech and swallowing results following this technique were comparable to those following total laryngectomy alone. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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              The Efficacy of Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Orthognathic Surgery: A Prospective Study in Le Fort I Osteotomy and Bilateral Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy

              Purpose This study examined the efficacy of the postoperative prophylactic antibiotics used in orthognathic surgery. The prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) was determined according to the use of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. Patients and Methods Fifty-six patients were divided into 2 groups. Each patient intravenously received 1.0 g of a third-generation cephalosporin (Cefpiramide) 30 minutes before surgery. Among them, 28 patients in the control group received 1.0 g Cefpiramide twice daily until the third day after surgery. The postoperative wounds were examined regularly for the presence of infectious signs. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative wound infections between patients who had received postoperative prophylactic antibiotic administration and those who had not (p = 0.639). Conclusion Prolonged prophylactic antibiotic use after orthognathic surgery may not be necessary, provided that there are no other significant factors for wound infections.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cir
                Revista Cubana de Cirugía
                Rev Cubana Cir
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7493
                1561-2945
                June 2010
                : 49
                : 2
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnameHospital Comandante Manuel Fajardo Cuba maro@ 123456infomed.sld.cu
                Article
                S0034-74932010000200003 S0034-7493(10)04900203
                03b321f8-e633-440b-8b36-9745ee3aaa8c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 March 2010
                : 09 December 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                Oncology surgery,otorrinolaringología,cirugía oncológica,cirugía mayor electiva,Profilaxis antimicrobiana,Otorhinolaryngology,elective major surgery,Antimicrobial prophylaxis

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