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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Modulation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Apoptosis in the Critically Ill by Removal of Cytokines with Continuous Hemodiafiltration

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          Abstract

          Delay of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) apoptosis caused by hypercytokinemia is considered to be a potential cause of tissue damage and resultant organ failure. We evaluated whether continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethylmethacrylate membrane hemofilter (PMMA-CHDF), which can remove cytokines in the circulating blood, can modulate apoptosis in peripheral blood neutrophils and thereby reduce tissue damage and organ dysfunction in 25 critically ill patients. Following the completion of a 3-day PMMA-CHDF session, serum cytokine levels were significantly decreased and the percentage of apoptotic PMNs was significantly increased. A significant correlation was observed between the PMMA-CHDF-induced increase in the percentage of apoptotic PMNs and the degree of decrease in the serum interleukin-6 level. A significant correlation was also found between the increase in the percentage of apoptotic PMNs and improvement in sequential organ failure assessment score following PMMA-CHDF. These results suggest that PMMA-CHDF in critically ill patients with hypercytokinemia and concomitant delay in apoptosis of PMNs can alleviate the delay of PMN apoptosis through the removal of serum cytokines and thus may result in avoidance of organ dysfunction.

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          Inflammatory cytokines and cell response in surgery.

          Edward Lin, Steve Calvano, Stephen Lowry (2000)
          The systemic inflammatory response as mediated by the cytokine network is undoubtedly complex. While inflammatory cytokines are indispensable in wound healing and the restoration of homeostasis, it is often the excessive activity of either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines that causes injury to the host or renders the host immunocompromised, respectively. Central to the functional biology of cytokines in surgical injury and infections are the responses of immune cells to such insults. It is clear that immunocytes are the source of cytokine production, and these products possess important autocrine, as well as systemic activities. The ability to alter immunocyte function through extracellular hormonal influences or by manipulating intracellular signaling mechanisms are potential strategies for regulating the inflammatory cytokine response during injury.
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            Poly's lament: the neglected role of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil in the afferent limb of the immune response.

            Joost Oppenheim, Shane A Lloyd (1992)
            The polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) has traditionally been thought to participate in the inflammatory response only as an effector cell. However, recent data demonstrate that PMNs can synthesize and release cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-6, and hence modulate both T- and B-cell activities in the evolution of an immune response.
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              The role of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the development of inflammatory injury.

              Thomas Shanley, Roscoe Warner, Peter Ward (1995)
              Clinicians are constantly challenged by patients who demonstrate the ill effects of an uncontrolled host inflammatory response. Patients with sepsis and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are frequently encountered examples of this syndrome. Despite advances in intensive care, mortality from these syndromes remains unchanged over the past two decades. In order to gain a better understanding of this pathophysiological response and to identify more specific therapeutic targets, the techniques of molecular biology have been applied to in vivo inflammatory models. Recent data indicate that the inflammatory response is dependent on the presence of both cytokines and adhesion molecules that mediate neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesive interactions. In this article, we review our experience using a lung model of inflammation that has provided insight into the events leading to injury. Cytokines [particularly, interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)], and endothelial, as well as leukocyte, adhesion molecules appear to coordinate a cascade of interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, which results in tissue injury.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Title: Blood Purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2004
                Publication date (Print): July 2004
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 March 2004
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 188-197
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, bDivision of Blood Transfusion, Chiba University Hospital, and cDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kimitsu Cyuou Hospital, Chiba, Japan
                Article
                Publisher ID: 76852 Other ID: Blood Purif 2004;22:188–197
                DOI: 10.1159/000076852
                PubMed ID: 15044817
                SO-VID: 03b77d11-e466-4c33-a7f0-afbc7241a4bc
                Copyright © © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 24 September 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, References: 42, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Continuous hemodiafiltration,Polymethylmethacrylate membrane hemofilter,Sepsis-related organ failure assessment,Cytokine,Tumor necrosis factor-α,Interleukin-6,Interleukin-8,Polymorphonuclear leukocyte,Apoptosis,Multiple organ failure
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Continuous hemodiafiltration, Polymethylmethacrylate membrane hemofilter, Sepsis-related organ failure assessment, Cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Polymorphonuclear leukocyte, Apoptosis, Multiple organ failure

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