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      Impacto en el éxito terapéutico de hombres y mujeres drogodependientes en grupos separados Translated title: Impact on success rates among drug-dependent men and women treated in separate therapeutic groups

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: La incorporación de la variable sexo en los estudios sobre drogodependencia ofrece información sobre la existencia de diferencias en el éxito terapéutico entre hombres y mujeres, advirtiéndose la necesidad de realizar estudios que analicen la eficacia de los tratamientos diferenciados para la mejora del éxito de los mismos. El objetivo de este estudio fue observar las diferencias en el éxito terapéutico en mujeres y hombres drogodependientes de un centro en dos períodos diferentes: antes de 2005, cuando son tratados conjuntamente; y a partir de 2005, cuando son tratados separadamente. Métodos: La secuencia de análisis fue la siguiente: elaboración de un perfil de las personas tratadas, análisis de asociación entre éxito terapéutico y variables independientes, realización de pruebas T para muestras independientes y, finalmente, un análisis de regresión logística para el período posterior a 2005 en el que se separan mujeres y hombres. Resultados: Se observaron mejoras del éxito en mujeres a partir de 2005 respecto al éxito en las mismas en el período anterior (Odds de éxito en mujeres antes 2005=2,00; después de 2005=7,08). Las probabilidades de éxito en los hombres no se modificaron sustancialmente (Odds de éxito en hombres antes 2005=2,78; después de 2005=2,75). El éxito en las mujeres respecto al de los hombres fue mayor (24,4 veces más probable de media), independientemente de la sustancia consumida, en los tratamientos más cortos de tiempo, mientras que los tratamientos más largos tendieron a igualar el éxito en hombres y mujeres (20,5 más probable). Conclusiones: El estudio muestra mejoras del éxito en mujeres drogodependientes al presentarse tratamientos separados, una vez atendidas las problemáticas específicas de la drogadicción en las mujeres.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: The incorporation of gender variable in drug addiction studies provides information about the presence of differences in the therapeutic success rates between men and women. Is therefore essential to carry out studies to analyse the efficacy of differentiated treatments to improve their success. The objective of this study is to observe differences in success rates among women and men undergoing therapy for drug dependence at an addiction centre during two different periods, before 2005, in which they are treated together and after 2005, in which they are treated in separate groups. Methods: The method was as follows: profiling of the individuals in treatment, analysis of the relationship between successful therapy and the independent variables, T-tests of independent samples and, finally, a logistic regression analysis of the period after 2005 when women and men were separated. Results: Improved success rates were observed among women after 2005 compared with the previous period (Odds of success in women before 2005=2.00; after 2005=7.08). Success rates among men did not change significantly (Odds of success in men before 2005=2.78; after 2005=2.75). Women’s success rates were higher than men’s (24.4 times more probable on average) for all types of substance abuse and increased for shorter types of treatment, whereas success rates with longer treatments tended to be similar for both men and women (20.5 more likely). Conclusions: The study shows improved success rates for drug-dependent women when they are treated separately from men, once the specific problems of drug addiction in women are taken into account.

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          Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: cross-cultural patterns.

          To examine the consistency and/or variability of gender differences in drinking behavior cross-culturally. Women's and men's responses in 16 general population surveys from 10 countries, analyzed by members of the International Research Group on Gender and Alcohol. Comparable measures of drinking, versus abstention, typical drinking frequencies and quantities, heavy episodic drinking, intoxication, morning drinking, and alcohol-related family and occupational problems. Women and men differed little in the probability of currently drinking versus abstaining, but men consistently exceeded women in typical drinking frequencies and quantities and in rates of heavy drinking episodes and adverse drinking consequences, while women were consistently more likely than men to be life-time abstainers. In older age groups, both men and women drank smaller quantities of alcohol and were more likely to stop drinking altogether, but drinking frequencies did not change consistently with age. A theoretical synthesis proposes that gender roles may amplify biological differences in reactions to alcohol, and that gender differences in drinking behavior may be modified by macrosocial factors that modify gender role contrasts.
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            Gender differences in drug treatment careers among clients in the national Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study.

            Gender differences in the factors associated with having a history of drug treatment were examined among 7,652 individuals admitted into the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS), a national multisite prospective study. Bivariate relationships were examined between a history of prior drug treatment and variables measuring demographic and background characteristics, addiction career, treatment career parameters, family and social relationships, criminal justice involvement, and mental health status. Stepwise discriminant function analyses (DFAs) were conducted separately for men and women to determine both the common and unique characteristics associated with a history of prior drug treatment. More severe drug use history and criminal behavior were related to prior treatment history for both men and women. Prior drug treatment among men was associated with factors related to family opposition to drug use and support for treatment, whereas for women prior drug treatment was associated with antisocial personality disorder and self-initiation into treatment. Moreover, treatment initiation among men appears to be facilitated by social institutions, such as employment, the criminal justice system, and one's family. In contrast, treatment reentry among women was associated with referral by a social worker, suggesting that contact with family service agencies can facilitate women's treatment entry. The findings suggest that different strategies for increasing treatment utilization may be appropriate for men and women.
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              A group intervention to reduce intimate partner violence among female drug users. Results from a randomized controlled pilot trial in a community substance-abuse center.

              A greater proportion of drug dependent women are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) than women in the general population; however, few interventions have been developed to reduce IPV among drug dependent women.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201907043
                Affiliations
                [1] Tarragona orgnameUniversidad Rovira i Virgili orgdiv1Facultad de Enfermería España
                [3] Tarragona orgnameUniversitat Rovira i Virgili orgdiv1Medical Anthropology Research Center España
                [2] Tarragona orgnameUniversidad Rovira i Virgili España
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100418 S1135-5727(19)09300000418
                03cc3c9c-b2dd-4bc2-9ed2-1282556c496b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 December 2018
                : 29 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Substance abuse treatment centres,Gender Roles,Therapeutic success,Sex differences,Public health,Therapeutic groups,Drug-dependence,Gender,Social determinants,Centros de tratamiento de abuso de sustancias,Roles de género,Éxito terapéutico,Diferencias por sexo,Salud pública,Determinantes sociales,Centro terapéutico,Drogodependencia,Género

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