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      FUS affects circular RNA expression in murine embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons

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          Abstract

          The RNA-binding protein FUS participates in several RNA biosynthetic processes and has been linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Here we report that FUS controls back-splicing reactions leading to circular RNA (circRNA) production. We identified circRNAs expressed in in vitro-derived mouse motor neurons (MNs) and determined that the production of a considerable number of these circRNAs is regulated by FUS. Using RNAi and overexpression of wild-type and ALS-associated FUS mutants, we directly correlate the modulation of circRNA biogenesis with alteration of FUS nuclear levels and with putative toxic gain of function activities. We also demonstrate that FUS regulates circRNA biogenesis by binding the introns flanking the back-splicing junctions and that this control can be reproduced with artificial constructs. Most circRNAs are conserved in humans and specific ones are deregulated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MNs carrying the FUS P525L mutation associated with ALS.

          Abstract

          The RNA binding protein FUS functions in several RNA biosynthetic processes and has been linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here the authors show that FUS controls back-splicing reactions leading to circular RNA (circRNA) production in stem cell-derived motor neurons and that ALS-associated FUS mutations affect the biogenesis of circRNAs.

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          Most cited references63

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          Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data

          Motivation: Although many next-generation sequencing (NGS) read preprocessing tools already existed, we could not find any tool or combination of tools that met our requirements in terms of flexibility, correct handling of paired-end data and high performance. We have developed Trimmomatic as a more flexible and efficient preprocessing tool, which could correctly handle paired-end data. Results: The value of NGS read preprocessing is demonstrated for both reference-based and reference-free tasks. Trimmomatic is shown to produce output that is at least competitive with, and in many cases superior to, that produced by other tools, in all scenarios tested. Availability and implementation: Trimmomatic is licensed under GPL V3. It is cross-platform (Java 1.5+ required) and available at http://www.usadellab.org/cms/index.php?page=trimmomatic Contact: usadel@bio1.rwth-aachen.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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            Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2.

            As the rate of sequencing increases, greater throughput is demanded from read aligners. The full-text minute index is often used to make alignment very fast and memory-efficient, but the approach is ill-suited to finding longer, gapped alignments. Bowtie 2 combines the strengths of the full-text minute index with the flexibility and speed of hardware-accelerated dynamic programming algorithms to achieve a combination of high speed, sensitivity and accuracy.
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              edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data

              Summary: It is expected that emerging digital gene expression (DGE) technologies will overtake microarray technologies in the near future for many functional genomics applications. One of the fundamental data analysis tasks, especially for gene expression studies, involves determining whether there is evidence that counts for a transcript or exon are significantly different across experimental conditions. edgeR is a Bioconductor software package for examining differential expression of replicated count data. An overdispersed Poisson model is used to account for both biological and technical variability. Empirical Bayes methods are used to moderate the degree of overdispersion across transcripts, improving the reliability of inference. The methodology can be used even with the most minimal levels of replication, provided at least one phenotype or experimental condition is replicated. The software may have other applications beyond sequencing data, such as proteome peptide count data. Availability: The package is freely available under the LGPL licence from the Bioconductor web site (http://bioconductor.org). Contact: mrobinson@wehi.edu.au
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group
                2041-1723
                30 March 2017
                2017
                : 8
                : 14741
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome 00161, Italy
                [2 ]Deparment of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome , P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
                [3 ]Department of Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University , 630 W 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
                [4 ]Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
                [5 ]Institute Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-7223
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-9107
                Article
                ncomms14741
                10.1038/ncomms14741
                5379105
                28358055
                03eea513-5686-41aa-a64c-71308763e8e6
                Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 24 June 2016
                : 26 January 2017
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