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      Influência do treinamento da potência muscular sobre a capacidade de execução de tarefas motoras em mulheres idosas Translated title: Influence of muscle power training on the ability to implement motor tasks for older women

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: A manutenção da capacidade de geração de potência muscular é fator preponderante para a independência física e funcional do idoso. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de treinamento contra resistência em velocidade (PTCRV) sobre a potência muscular e o desempenho em tarefas motoras em idosas. MÉTODOS: 58 voluntárias sedentárias e fisicamente independentes foram divididas em dois subgrupos: 31 pertencentes ao grupo intervenção (GI), 68,7±5,2 anos de idade e 27 ao grupo controle (GC) 67,7±3,8 anos de idade. O GI foi submetido a um programa de 24 sessões, três vezes semanais, de treinamento contra resistência em velocidade. Foram avaliadas a carga (CR), a potência (PT) e a velocidade (VL) no exercício extensão de joelhos (EJ) e no teste motor de levantar-se da cadeira (LC), utilizando o sistema computadorizado Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer (TWA). Foi avaliado também o tempo de execução das tarefas motoras: marcha em velocidade de conforto (MVC) e marcha em velocidade máxima (MVM). Para comparação das variáveis estudadas, aplicou-se o teste t, admitindo-se p=0,05. RESULTADOS: Foi observado no GI para o exercício EJ ganho significativo na capacidade de geração da potência (49,56±13,52w / 66,87±16,27w, p=0,0002). No teste LC, houve aumento significativo na capacidade de geração da potência (370,71±106,26w / 434,52±107,15w, p=0,02185) e da velocidade (0,61±0,14m/s / 0,72±0,14m/s, p=0,00274). Nos testes motores, MVC e MVM, houve redução significativa no tempo de execução (4,56±0,63s / 4,20±0,50s, p=0,01560) e (3,45±0,40s / 3,23±0,34s, p=0,02222), respectivamente. No GC não foi observada melhora significativa em nenhum dos testes aplicados. CONCLUSÃO: O PTCRV contribuiu para melhorar os níveis de potência muscular, além de melhorar o desempenho nas tarefas motoras no grupo estudado.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: The maintenance of the generating capacity of muscle power is an important factor for physical and functional independence of the elderly. OBJECTIVE: Investigation of the influence of the training of muscular power (PTCRV) in old women during pre-determined motor chores. METHODS: 58 sedentary physically independent volunteers, divided in two groups: 31 belonged to the intervention group (GI) 68.7±5.2 years and 27 to the control group (GC) 67.7±3.8 years. The GI was subjected to a 24-section program, three times a week, of counter-resistance training in speed. Power (PT) and speed (VL) in the exercise were assessed: knee extension (EJ), and in the stand-up-from-a-chair test (LC), using the software Tendo Weighlifting Analyzer (TWA). The time of execution of motor chores was also evaluated: gait in comfortable speed (MVC), and gait in maximum speed (MVM). The variation t test was applied to compare the studied variables and a level of significance p=0.05 was admitted. RESULTS: It was observed in the GI, for the EJ exercise, a significant gain in the ability of power generation (370.71±106.26w / 434.52±107.15w, p=0.02185). In the LC test there was significant gain in the ability of power generation (370.71±106.26w / 434.52±107,15w, p=0.02185) and speed (0.61±0.14m/s / 0.72±0.14m/s, p=0.00274). In the motor tests MVC and MVM, there was significant gain in speed (4.56±0.63s / 4.20±0.50s, p=0.01560) and (3.45±0.40s / 3.23±0.34s, p=0.02222), respectively. No significant improvement in the GC was observed after application of the tests. CONCLUSION: The PTCRV contributed to improve the muscular power, as well as improving the performance in the motor chores in the studied group.

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          Power training for older adults.

          Resistance training is widely advocated for older adults to alleviate the muscle and strength loss that occurs with aging. While primary and secondary prevention of disability are often mentioned as benefits of strength training, the evidence for this is limited and inconclusive. Researchers have started to examine another form of resistance training that may prove to be more beneficial than strength training in terms of the reduction of age-related disability. Power training is being investigated because several studies have shown a stronger relationship between power and function than between strength and function. Early studies on power training suggest that neuromuscular power can be increased to a greater extent with high velocity or explosive training than strength training alone. In addition, there may be more positive effects on performance tasks measured in the laboratory, although evidence on disability reduction was very limited. Adverse events were reported in several studies, although the risk for injuries appears to be higher for testing than for training itself. Future well-designed studies on the risks and benefits of power training should provide more evidence on this promising form of resistance training for older adults of varying health and functional status.
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            Fisiologia do exercicio, energia, nutrição e desempenho humano

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              [Clinical consequences of sarcopenia].

              The concept of sarcopenia implies loss of muscle mass and function. It is a condition that accompanies aging, although it not always has clinical consequences. It is produced by many factors: nervous system (loss of alpha motor units in the spinal cord), muscular (loss of muscle quality and mass), humoral (decrease in anabolic hormones such as testosterone, estrogens, GH, and increase of several interleukines), and life style (physical activity). The main clinical consequences of sarcopenia relate with functional independence. Thus, the sarcopenic elderly has greater difficulty walking, or do it more slowly, climbing up stairs, or doing basic daily living activities. These difficulties increase the risk for falls and, thus, fractures. They also affect bone formation, glucose tolerance, and body temperature regulation. Besides, dependency is a mortality risk factor.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgg
                Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia
                Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.
                Universidade do Estado do Rio Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro )
                1981-2256
                September 2013
                : 16
                : 3
                : 603-613
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S1809-98232013000300017
                10.1590/S1809-98232013000300017
                03f47662-bb13-43c1-b470-51367d2ed577

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1809-9823&lng=en
                Categories
                GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

                Geriatric medicine
                Aging,Exercise,Motor Activity,Functional Ability,Envelhecimento,Exercício,Atividade Motora,Capacidade Funcional

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