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      Predicting Addiction Potential on the Basis of Early Traumatic Events, Dissociative Experiences, and Suicide Ideation

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          Abstract

          Background:

          There is a great deal of medical literature suggesting that substance use disorder is a serious clinical concern, affecting general population and associated with considerable economic, societal, and personal costs.

          Objectives:

          This study sought to clarify the relationship between early trauma, dissociative experience, and suicide ideation as predictive factors of active and passive addiction potential (A/PAP) in high-school students.

          Patients and Methods:

          Three hundred students with the mean age of 15.72 y were selected via multistage random sampling. All participants were asked to complete Iranian addiction potential scale, early trauma inventory, dissociative experiences scale, and Beck’s suicide ideation scale. Analyzing data was done using canonical correlation.

          Results:

          Structural coefficients showed that the pattern of high scores in A/PAP correlates with the pattern of high scores in early trauma, dissociative experience and suicide ideation. The findings of the study showed that the combination of low A/PAP can probably decrease the likelihood of early trauma, dissociative experience and suicide ideation.

          Conclusions:

          Early trauma, dissociative experience, and suicide ideation can predict A/PAP and explain the considerable variance of survival index.

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          Most cited references43

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          Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

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            Association of alcohol and drug use disorders and completed suicide: an empirical review of cohort studies.

            This study updated and expanded upon Harris and Barraclough's empirical review [Harris, E.C., Barraclough, B., 1997. Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis, Br. J. Psychiatry 170, 205-228] of retrospective and prospective cohort studies of alcohol and drug use disorders and suicide. Studies presenting data on alcohol and drug use disorders and suicide originally identified by Harris and Barraclough were used in this study. To find additional studies, (1) the location of English language reports on MEDLINE (1994-2002) were identified with the search terms 'substance-disorders' with 'mortality' and 'follow-up', (2) read throughs were conducted of four prominent alcohol and drug specialty journals from 1966 through 2002, and (3) the reference sections of studies that met criteria were searched for additional reports. This strategy yielded 42 new studies meeting eligibility criteria. The estimated standardized mortality ratios (SMR; 95% confidence interval) for suicide were as follows: alcohol use disorder (979; 95% CI 898-1065; p < 0.001), opioid use disorder (1351; 95% CI 1047-1715; p < 0.001), intravenous drug use (1373; 95% CI 1029-1796; p < 0.001), mixed drug use (1685; 95% CI 1473-1920; p < 0.001), heavy drinking (351; 95% CI 251-478; p < 0.001). SMR estimates stratified by sex were also calculated. Additional studies on the association of suicide and mixed drug use, heavy drinking, and alcohol use disorders in women augmented the findings of Harris and Barraclough, along with a novel estimate for intravenous drug use, a byproduct of intensive research on HIV in the past decade. There is a large empirical literature on alcohol use disorders and suicide and a moderate literature on suicide and opioid use disorders and IV drug use. There remains limited prospective data on the association of suicide and other drug use disorders (e.g., cocaine, cannabis).
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              Psychometric characteristics of the Scale for Suicide Ideation with psychiatric outpatients.

              The psychometric properties of the Scale for Suicide Ideation--Current (SSI-C; Beck, Kovacs & Weissman, 1979, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 343-352) and the Scale for Suicide Ideation--Worst (SSI-W; Beck, Brown, Steer, Dahlsgaard & Grisham, 1997, in press) were explored. These 19-item clinician-administered scales measure current suicide ideation (SSI-C) as well as suicide ideation at its worst point in the patient's life (SSI-W). For a sample of 4063 outpatients, both scales were positively correlated with a diagnosis of a principal mood disorder, a diagnosis of a personality disorder, and measures of depression and hopelessness. The relationship between the SSI-W and a history of suicide attempts was stronger (r = 0.50, P < 0.001) than the relationship between the SSI-C and previous suicide attempts (r = 0.31, P < 0.001). For 444 current and 1764 past suicide ideators, the SSI-C and the SSI-W had high internal consistencies (coefficient alpha s = 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). The SSI-C and the SSI-W were moderatedly correlated with each other (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). Iterated maximum-likelihood principal-factor analyses identified comparable Preparation and Motivation dimensions underlying both scales.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J High Risk Behav Addict
                Int J High Risk Behav Addict
                10.5812/ijhrba
                Kowsar
                International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction
                Kowsar
                2251-8711
                2251-872X
                17 September 2014
                December 2014
                : 3
                : 4
                : e20995
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran
                [2 ]Young Researchers and Elite Cub, Shiraz, IR Iran
                [3 ]Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Univesity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Seyedeh Fatemeh Sajadi, Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98- 9173046244., E-mail: f-sajadi@ 123456mscstu.scu.ac.ir
                Article
                10.5812/ijhrba.20995
                4331658
                25741480
                040c4442-1bcd-4411-8100-38c74ba31196
                Copyright © 2014, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Published by Kowsar.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 06 June 2014
                : 05 August 2014
                : 16 August 2014
                Categories
                Research Article

                addictive,cumulative trauma disorders,suicidal ideation,dissociative disorders

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