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      Características alimentarías de adolescentes chilenas indígenas y no indígenas Translated title: Eating characteristics of Chilean indigenous and non-indigenous adolescent girls

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          Abstract

          Durante la infancia y adolescencia se establecen los hábitos alimentarios, los que posteriormente determinarán el comportamiento alimentario. Diversos autores han indicado la aculturación del pueblo mapuche hacia la cultura occidental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características de la alimentación de adolescentes indígenas y no indígenas de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Se utilizó un diseño transversal, con una muestra probabilística de 281 adolescentes, 139 indígenas y 142 no indígenas de 168 escuelas. Se les aplicó una encuesta alimentaria de frecuencia de consumo modificada, para conocer hábitos alimentarios y consumo de alimentos autóctonos mapuche. Los tiempos de comida fueron similares en ambos grupos étnicos, siendo la cena la menos consumida. El consumo total de colaciones a la semana tuvo una mediana de 7 con un espacio intercuartilico (EI) de 5 a 10 (sin diferencias entre grupos étnicos), de las cuales 2 eran saludables (EI=1 a 3). Los indígenas tuvieron más alta probabilidad de consumo de alimentos autóctonos: mote (OR=2,00;IC=0,93-4,29), muday (OR=3,45;IC=1,90-6,27) y yuyo (OR=4,40;IC=2,06-9,39). Se concluye que las conductas y hábitos alimentarios de las adolescentes indígenas son similares a las no indígenas, aunque las primeras todavía consumen más alimentos autóctonos.

          Translated abstract

          During childhood and adolescence, eating habits become established which are instrumental in determining eating behavior later in life. Various authors have described the acculturation of the Mapuche people toward Western culture. The objective of this study was to analyze the eating characteristics of indigenous and non-indigenous adolescent girls in the Araucanía Region of Chile. A cross-sectional design was used with a probabilistic sample of 281 adolescents comprised of 139 indigenous and 142 non-indigenous girls attending 168 elementary schools. A modified food frequency questionnaire was applied, designed to obtain information about eating habits and consumption of Mapuche foods. The eating schedules are similar in both ethnic groups, with dinner being the meal that is least consumed. Total snack consumption per week has a mean of 7 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 5 to 10 without any differences between ethnic groups; of these snacks, only 2 were healthy (IQR=1 to 3). The indigenous girls had a higher probability of consumption of native foods including mote (boiled wheat) (OR=2.00; IC=0.93-4.29), muday (fermented cereal alcohol) (OR=3.45; IC=1.90-6.27), and yuyo (field mustard) (OR=4.40; IC=2.06-9.39). The study’s conclusion is that the the eating habits and behavior of indigenous adolescents are similar to those of non-indigenous girls, though the former still consume more indigenous foods.

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          Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity.

          Indigenous Peoples globally are part of the nutrition transition. They may be among the most extreme for the extent of dietary change experienced in the last few decades. In this paper, we report survey data from 44 representative communities from 3 large cultural areas of the Canadian Arctic: the Yukon First Nations, Dene/Métis, and Inuit communities. Dietary change was represented in 2 ways: 1) considering the current proportion of traditional food (TF) in contrast to the precontact period (100% TF); and 2) the amount of TF consumed by older vs. younger generations. Total diet, TF, and BMI data from adults were investigated. On days when TF was consumed, there was significantly less (P 40 y old consistently consumed more (P or = 30 kg/m(2)) of Arctic adults exceeded all-Canadian rates. Measures to improve nutrient-dense market food (MF) availability and use are called for, as are ways to maintain or increase TF use.
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            Encuesta Nacional de Salud

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              Nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity among Chilean school children: a descriptive study.

              To assess the nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity (PA) habits of Chilean school children, as a baseline for developing an educational intervention. Cross-sectional study. A total of 1701 children from 3rd to 7th grade in nine schools located in three geographical regions. We determined body mass index, food consumption (quantified FFQ which we categorised into five groups), PA in terms of TV viewing and frequency of after school PA. The data were analysed according to age, nutritional status and gender. A logistic regression analysis was performed using obesity as outcome. Obesity was higher among boys; younger children presented higher prevalence in both genders. Daily intake of dairy products varied between 240 and 308 g, fruits/vegetables, between 197 and 271 g, energy-dense foods between 343 and 460 g. In all, 22.3 and 47% of the children watched over 3 h of TV during the week and weekend, respectively. Older children watched significantly more TV during the week, while on weekends all children increased this time significantly. Boys were more active than girls after school. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between obesity and low intake of dairy products. Prevalence of obesity among Chilean children is high. Although TV time, intake of energy dense foods and fruits/vegetables appeared as risk factors for obesity, only dairy consumption was significantly associated with obesity. FAO Copyright 2004 Nature Publishing Group
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                alan
                Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición
                ALAN
                Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (Caracas )
                0004-0622
                March 2010
                : 60
                : 1
                : 30-35
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Chile Chile
                Article
                S0004-06222010000100005
                041b558b-9faa-4c7e-b99c-91206e4d5cbd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-0622&lng=en
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Indigenous,food intake,adolescents,Indígenas,ingesta alimentaria,adolescentes
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Indigenous, food intake, adolescents, Indígenas, ingesta alimentaria, adolescentes

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