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      Contributions of Cunha Rivara (1809–1879) to the Development of Konkani

      research-article
        1
      Journal of Portuguese Linguistics
      Ubiquity Press
      India, Goa, Konkani, Missionary Linguistics, Portuguese Patronage, 19th century

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          Abstract

          Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara (1809–1879) was a Portuguese physician, professor of philosophy, politician, librarian and secretary of the governor-general of India (1855–1870). During his job in Goa, he gave a strong impulse to the development of Konkani, a provincial language of Goa. On 28 November 1857, he was appointed by the governor-general to lead a commission established to coordinate, prepare and print Portuguese-Konkani and Konkani-Portuguese dictionaries and other “monuments” of the same language. In addition to many books with primary documentation of the history of Portuguese in India, he published a Historical Essay on Konkani Language that he wrote himself; a grammar by Thomas Stephens, S.J. (1549–1619); an anonymous grammar, possibly written in the 17th century by a Franciscan or Jesuit living in Thane, on Salsette Island; and a grammar and a dictionary written probably by the Vicar Apostolic of Verapoly from 1831 to 1844, Francesco Saverio di Sant’Anna, O.C.D. (1771–1844), which circulated as manuscripts. His intense editorial activity in the defense and the dignity of Konkani, against the “despreso da lingua materna” [the contempt of the native language] ( Rivara 1857b: CXIII) by Goans, allows us to consider Cunha Rivara the pioneer of the Renaissance of Konkani studies in the 19th century. Despite the fact that he did not know Konkani, Cunha Rivara paved the way for the 20th century Konkanists scholars who were inspired by his publications, such as Gerson da Cunha (1844–1900), Sebastião Dalgado (1855–1922), Shennoi Goembab (1877–1946), Mariano Saldanha (1878–1975) and Joaquim António Fernandes (1889–1975). He also had a substantial impact on the overall development of the study of Konkani.

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          Most cited references24

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          Portuguese missionary grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800

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            The first known grammar of (Kahenda-Mbaka) Kimbundu (Lisbon 1697) and Álvares’ ars minor (Lisbon 1573)

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              The First Edition of the ars minor of Manuel Álvares’ De institvtione grammatica libri tres (Lisbon, 1573)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                2397-5563
                Journal of Portuguese Linguistics
                Ubiquity Press
                2397-5563
                03 January 2019
                2019
                : 18
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, PT
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5312-6385
                Article
                10.5334/jpl.204
                047c99ee-d013-4793-a584-4e38f9b302a8
                Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 11 July 2018
                : 14 November 2018
                Categories
                Research paper

                Linguistics & Semiotics,Languages of Europe
                Portuguese Patronage,Missionary Linguistics,Konkani,Goa,India,19th century

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