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      Incipient speciation with biased gene flow between two lineages of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox).

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          Abstract

          We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data from 151 individuals to estimate population genetic structure across the range of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), a widely distributed North American pit viper. We also tested hypotheses of population structure using double-digest restriction site associated DNA (ddRADseq) data, incorporating thousands of nuclear genome-wide SNPs from 42 individuals. We found strong mitochondrial support for a deep divergence between eastern and western C. atrox populations, and subsequent intermixing of these populations in the Inter-Pecos region of the United States and Mexico. Our nuclear RADseq data also identify these two distinct lineages of C. atrox, and provide evidence for nuclear admixture of eastern and western alleles across a broad geographic region. We identified contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variation across this genetic fusion zone that indicate partially restricted patterns of gene flow, which may be due to either pre- or post-zygotic isolating mechanisms. The failure of these two lineages to maintain complete genetic isolation, and evidence for partially-restricted gene flow, imply that these lineages were in the early stages of speciation prior to secondary contact.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
          Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
          Elsevier BV
          1095-9513
          1055-7903
          Feb 2015
          : 83
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biology & Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, 501 S. Nedderman Drive, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
          [2 ] School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
          [3 ] Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
          [4 ] School of Natural Resources and the Environment, 1041 E Lowell Street, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA.
          [5 ] School of Biological Sciences, 501 20(th) Street, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA.
          [6 ] Department of Biology & Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, 501 S. Nedderman Drive, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA. Electronic address: todd.castoe@uta.edu.
          Article
          S1055-7903(14)00424-2
          10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.006
          25534232
          04a28ad0-2417-4bb2-b51a-e928ae1d231b
          History

          Viperidae,Speciation continuum,RADseq,Population structure,Population genomics,Introgression

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