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      Down-Regulation of Connexin 32 Gene Expression through DNA Methylation in a Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell

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          Abstract

          Background: We have recently reported that connexin (Cx) 32 is down-regulated in a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell (Caki-2 cell). Hypothesis: We postulated that the down-regulation of Cx32 gene in the RCC cell is due to hypermethylation of its promoter region. Methods: We estimated methylation status in the promoter region of Cx32 gene in the RCC cell by DNA digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme and PCR, and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). We also checked the recovery of Cx32 gene expression in the RCC cell treated with a DNA methyltranferase inhibitor, 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). Results: Treatment with 5-Aza-CdR resulted in induction of Cx32 expression in the RCC cell. Hypermethylation of the Cx32 promoter region in the RCC cell was confirmed by DNA digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme and PCR, and MSP. Conclusion: We suggest that hypermethylation in the promoter region is a mechanism for the Cx32 gene repression in the RCC cell.

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          Cancer epigenetics comes of age.

          The discovery of numerous hypermethylated promoters of tumour-suppressor genes, along with a better understanding of gene-silencing mechanisms, has moved DNA methylation from obscurity to recognition as an alternative mechanism of tumour-suppressor inactivation in cancer. Epigenetic events can also facilitate genetic damage, as illustrated by the increased mutagenicity of 5-methylcytosine and the silencing of the MLH1 mismatch repair gene by DNA methylation in colorectal tumours. We review here current mechanistic understanding of the role of DNA methylation in malignant transformation, and suggest Knudson's two-hit hypothesis should now be expanded to include epigenetic mechanisms of gene inactivation.
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            Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands.

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              The gap junction communication channel.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                AJN
                Am J Nephrol
                10.1159/issn.0250-8095
                American Journal of Nephrology
                S. Karger AG
                0250-8095
                1421-9670
                2003
                June 2003
                16 May 2003
                : 23
                : 3
                : 172-177
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa; bDepartment of Food Science Research for Health, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, and cKwansei Gaskuin University School of Science and Technology, Hyogo, Japan
                Article
                70653 Am J Nephrol 2003;23:172–177
                10.1159/000070653
                12690227
                04a5c3fd-ba26-4dea-9d98-881dd1175d04
                © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 20 November 2002
                : 05 March 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 2, References: 19, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Article: Basic Sciences

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                DNA methylation,Connexin 32 gene,Renal cell carcinoma cell
                Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                DNA methylation, Connexin 32 gene, Renal cell carcinoma cell

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