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      Higiene con clorhexidina en unidades de cuidados intensivos para prevenir infecciones nosocomiales. Revisión sistemática Translated title: Chlorhexidine bathing in intensive care units for the prevention of nosocomial infections. A systematic review

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          Resumen

          El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la efectividad de la higiene con clorhexidina para prevenir infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes adultos ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados en los últimos 10 años en diferentes bases de datos. Se extrajo información sobre distintos tipos de infecciones, mortalidad, microorganismos implicados y microorganismos multirresistentes.

          Se incluyeron cinco estudios. La intervención no fue efectiva en dos estudios debido a una baja frecuencia de infecciones y a una alta prevalencia de bacterias gramnegativas, frente a las que la clorhexidina no es tan eficaz. La intervención tampoco redujo las tasas de mortalidad. La intervención fue efectiva principalmente para prevenir bacteriemias e infecciones por bacterias grampositivas, por lo que podría ser útil en las UCI con altas prevalencias de infecciones de esas características.

          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine use patients in adult intensive care units for preventing nosocomial infections. We carried out a systematic review of randomized clinical trials published over the past 10 years. We collected the following data: type of infection, mortality, isolated microorganisms, and multi-drug-resistant microorganisms.

          In two out of the five studies included in the review, bathing with chlorhexidine was ineffective due to low cross-infection rates at baseline and Gram-negative bacteria being the most prevalent type of microorganism, against which chlorhexidine is not as effective. No decline in death rates was either observed. Chlorhexidine bathing was mainly effective in preventing bloodstream infections and those caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, its use may be effective in intensive care units with high prevalence of infections by this type of microorganisms.

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          Most cited references36

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          The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

          Flaws in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of randomised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more accurate
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            RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

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              Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance.

              Many different definitions for multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria are being used in the medical literature to characterize the different patterns of resistance found in healthcare-associated, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. A group of international experts came together through a joint initiative by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to create a standardized international terminology with which to describe acquired resistance profiles in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae (other than Salmonella and Shigella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., all bacteria often responsible for healthcare-associated infections and prone to multidrug resistance. Epidemiologically significant antimicrobial categories were constructed for each bacterium. Lists of antimicrobial categories proposed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were created using documents and breakpoints from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). MDR was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, XDR was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories (i.e. bacterial isolates remain susceptible to only one or two categories) and PDR was defined as non-susceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial categories. To ensure correct application of these definitions, bacterial isolates should be tested against all or nearly all of the antimicrobial agents within the antimicrobial categories and selective reporting and suppression of results should be avoided. © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. No claim to original US government works.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: concibió el estudioRole: redactó el primer borrador del manuscritoRole: colaboró en el diseño del estudioRole: análisis e interpretación de los datos
                Role: revisó el primer borrador del manuscritoRole: colaboró en el diseño del estudioRole: análisis e interpretación de los datos
                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                28 December 2022
                Sep-Dec 2022
                : 45
                : 3
                : e1027
                Affiliations
                [1] originalFacultad de Medicina y Enfermería. Departamento de Enfermería II. Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). San Sebastián. España. normalizedUniversidad del País Vasco orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería II orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco San Sebastián, Spain
                Author notes
                [Correspondencia ] Jon Esarte. E-mail: jonesarteluberri@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflictos de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de intereses.

                Financiación: Los autores declaran no haber recibido financiación externa para la realización de este estudio.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-9079
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-1048
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.1027
                10065041
                36576389
                04a7fc38-9378-4646-a92d-230bdcff7240

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 25 May 2022
                : 02 September 2022
                : 26 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Revisión

                unidades de cuidados intensivos,clorhexidina,baños,higiene,infección hospitalaria,intensive care units,chlorhexidine,baths,hygiene,nosocomial infection

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