Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and potential influential factors in subjects with COVID-19: A 11-month follow-up study

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

We aim to study kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in subjects with COVID-19 for up to 11 months and the potential influential factors. The study was a prospective longitudinal study. The analyses were based on 77 serum/plasma samples with a mean of 4 samples per participant (range 1-18) in 20 participants with at least one positive Polymerase Chain Reaction testing result from 19 March 2020 up to 10 February 2021. Among the subjects (median age 34.5 years, 65% male), IgG level declined with the follow-up time (per month; geometric mean ratio [GMR] 0.73; 95% CI, 0.72-0.74). In a small sample of subjects from the general population with COVID-19, IgG levels declined non-linearly from month 2 to 11 with individual heterogeneity in quantity and changing speed and may be associated with gender, race and the loss of smell and taste.

Related collections

Most cited references 41

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study

Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Owen Tsang, Wai-Shing Leung … (2020)

Summary Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe community and nosocomial outbreaks. Comprehensive data for serial respiratory viral load and serum antibody responses from patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not yet available. Nasopharyngeal and throat swabs are usually obtained for serial viral load monitoring of respiratory infections but gathering these specimens can cause discomfort for patients and put health-care workers at risk. We aimed to ascertain the serial respiratory viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in posterior oropharyngeal (deep throat) saliva samples from patients with COVID-19, and serum antibody responses. Methods We did a cohort study at two hospitals in Hong Kong. We included patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. We obtained samples of blood, urine, posterior oropharyngeal saliva, and rectal swabs. Serial viral load was ascertained by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 internal nucleoprotein (NP) and surface spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) were measured using EIA. Whole-genome sequencing was done to identify possible mutations arising during infection. Findings Between Jan 22, 2020, and Feb 12, 2020, 30 patients were screened for inclusion, of whom 23 were included (median age 62 years [range 37–75]). The median viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva or other respiratory specimens at presentation was 5·2 log10 copies per mL (IQR 4·1–7·0). Salivary viral load was highest during the first week after symptom onset and subsequently declined with time (slope −0·15, 95% CI −0·19 to −0·11; R 2=0·71). In one patient, viral RNA was detected 25 days after symptom onset. Older age was correlated with higher viral load (Spearman's ρ=0·48, 95% CI 0·074–0·75; p=0·020). For 16 patients with serum samples available 14 days or longer after symptom onset, rates of seropositivity were 94% for anti-NP IgG (n=15), 88% for anti-NP IgM (n=14), 100% for anti-RBD IgG (n=16), and 94% for anti-RBD IgM (n=15). Anti-SARS-CoV-2-NP or anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG levels correlated with virus neutralisation titre (R 2>0·9). No genome mutations were detected on serial samples. Interpretation Posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples are a non-invasive specimen more acceptable to patients and health-care workers. Unlike severe acute respiratory syndrome, patients with COVID-19 had the highest viral load near presentation, which could account for the fast-spreading nature of this epidemic. This finding emphasises the importance of stringent infection control and early use of potent antiviral agents, alone or in combination, for high-risk individuals. Serological assay can complement RT-qPCR for diagnosis. Funding Richard and Carol Yu, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Tong, Marina Lee, Government Consultancy Service, and Sanming Project of Medicine.

0 comments Cited 1646 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

Quan-Xin Long, Xiao-Jun Tang, Qiu-Lin Shi … (2020)

The clinical features and immune responses of asymptomatic individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been well described. We studied 37 asymptomatic individuals in the Wanzhou District who were diagnosed with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections but without any relevant clinical symptoms in the preceding 14 d and during hospitalization. Asymptomatic individuals were admitted to the government-designated Wanzhou People's Hospital for centralized isolation in accordance with policy1. The median duration of viral shedding in the asymptomatic group was 19 d (interquartile range (IQR), 15-26 d). The asymptomatic group had a significantly longer duration of viral shedding than the symptomatic group (log-rank P = 0.028). The virus-specific IgG levels in the asymptomatic group (median S/CO, 3.4; IQR, 1.6-10.7) were significantly lower (P = 0.005) relative to the symptomatic group (median S/CO, 20.5; IQR, 5.8-38.2) in the acute phase. Of asymptomatic individuals, 93.3% (28/30) and 81.1% (30/37) had reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels, respectively, during the early convalescent phase, as compared to 96.8% (30/31) and 62.2% (23/37) of symptomatic patients. Forty percent of asymptomatic individuals became seronegative and 12.9% of the symptomatic group became negative for IgG in the early convalescent phase. In addition, asymptomatic individuals exhibited lower levels of 18 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that asymptomatic individuals had a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels in the early convalescent phase might have implications for immunity strategy and serological surveys.

0 comments Cited 1517 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19

Quan-Xin Long, Bai-Zhong Liu, Hai-Jun Deng … (2020)

We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.

0 comments Cited 1480 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis

Title: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Publisher: Elsevier Inc.

ISSN (Print): 0732-8893

ISSN (Electronic): 1879-0070

Publication date PMC-release: 9 September 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 9 September 2021

Electronic Location Identifier: 115537

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK

[2 ]Richmond Pharmacology Ltd, London, UK

[3 ]Richmond Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence author: Phone: +44(0)151 705 3301

[** ]Co-Correspondence to: Phone: +44(0)20 8664 5200

[#]

Joint corresponding authors

Article

Publisher Item ID: S0732-8893(21)00229-7 Publisher ID: 115537

DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115537

PMC ID: 8428032

SO-VID: 04ab7cdd-7abc-4d64-9195-5bf03d1186f6

License:

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and potential influential factors in subjects with COVID-19: A 11-month follow-up study

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 41

Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 210

Cited by 5

Most referenced authors 1,665