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      GISS‐E2.1: Configurations and Climatology

      research-article
      1 , 2 , 2 , , 2 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 2 , 6 , 7 , 2 , 2 , 8 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 9 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 10 , 2 , 11 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 12 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 13 , 14 , 2 , 15 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 2 , 16 , 5 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 8 , 1 , 2
      Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
      John Wiley and Sons Inc.
      General Circulation Model, climate change, CMIP6, NASA GISS

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          Abstract

          This paper describes the GISS‐E2.1 contribution to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). This model version differs from the predecessor model (GISS‐E2) chiefly due to parameterization improvements to the atmospheric and ocean model components, while keeping atmospheric resolution the same. Model skill when compared to modern era climatologies is significantly higher than in previous versions. Additionally, updates in forcings have a material impact on the results. In particular, there have been specific improvements in representations of modes of variability (such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and other modes in the Pacific) and significant improvements in the simulation of the climate of the Southern Oceans, including sea ice. The effective climate sensitivity to 2  × CO 2 is slightly higher than previously at 2.7–3.1°C (depending on version) and is a result of lower CO 2 radiative forcing and stronger positive feedbacks.

          Key Points

          • GISS‐E2.1 is an updated climate model version for use within the CMIP6 project

          • Atmospheric composition is calculated consistently in all model versions

          • Results demonstrate a significant improvement in skill in a climate model without changes to atmospheric resolution

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          Most cited references148

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            Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves: Analysis of Clouds and Temperature in the Wavenumber–Frequency Domain

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                gavin.a.schmidt@nasa.gov
                Journal
                J Adv Model Earth Syst
                J Adv Model Earth Syst
                10.1002/(ISSN)1942-2466
                JAME
                Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1942-2466
                11 August 2020
                August 2020
                : 12
                : 8 ( doiID: 10.1002/jame.v12.8 )
                : e2019MS002025
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] SciSpace LLC New York NY USA
                [ 2 ] NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
                [ 3 ] Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth Institute Columbia University New York NY USA
                [ 4 ] CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
                [ 5 ] NOAA/ESRL/Global Systems Laboratory Boulder CO USA
                [ 6 ] Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
                [ 7 ] SSAI Greenbelt MD USA
                [ 8 ] Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY USA
                [ 9 ] Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
                [ 10 ] Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
                [ 11 ] Department of Environmental Studies New York University New York NY USA
                [ 12 ] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Rochester Rochester NY USA
                [ 13 ] Barcelona Supercomputing Center Barcelona Spain
                [ 14 ] ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Barcelona Spain
                [ 15 ] Climate, Aerosol, and Pollution Research, LLC Bronx NY USA
                [ 16 ] Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence to:

                G. A. Schmidt,

                gavin.a.schmidt@ 123456nasa.gov

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-0486
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-9358
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-8690
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1270-1088
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-5825
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0254-6253
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-228X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-4620
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-7281
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8899-0509
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-0204
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-1359
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-4451
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-3663
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5730-924X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-8215
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-0062
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-772X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-0443
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-3952
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-3599
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-0697
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-4715
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5328-819X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-9113
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-4847
                Article
                JAME21180 10.1029/2019MS002025
                10.1029/2019MS002025
                7507764
                32999704
                04ade5a4-8a7e-4048-a0ad-e4fd8b755e34
                ©2020. The Authors.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 27 December 2019
                : 24 June 2020
                : 26 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 30, Tables: 7, Pages: 38, Words: 8460
                Funding
                Funded by: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100000104;
                Award ID: MAP
                Categories
                The NASA GISS contribution to CMIP6
                Atmospheric Composition and Structure
                Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry
                Geodesy and Gravity
                Global Change from Geodesy
                Global Change
                Climate Variability
                Earth System Modeling
                Global Climate Models
                Coupled Models of the Climate System
                Oceans
                Atmospheric Processes
                Climate Change and Variability
                Climatology
                Global Climate Models
                Oceanography: General
                Climate and Interannual Variability
                Natural Hazards
                Physical Modeling
                Oceanography: Physical
                Decadal Ocean Variability
                Paleoceanography
                Global Climate Models
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                August 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.1 mode:remove_FC converted:22.09.2020

                general circulation model,climate change,cmip6,nasa giss

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