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      World species of the genus Platyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The genus Platyscelio Kieffer ( Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Scelioninae) is a widespread group in the Old World, found from West Africa to northern Queensland, Australia. The species concepts are revised and a key to world species is presented. The genus is comprised of 6 species, including 2 known species which are redescribed: Platyscelio africanus Risbec (Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe); and Platyscelio pulchricornis Kieffer (Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Taiwan, Thailand, Vanuatu, Vietnam). Five species-group names are considered to be junior synonyms of Platyscelio pulchricornis : Platyscelio abnormis Crawford syn. n., Platyscelio dunensis Mukerjee syn. n., Platyscelio mirabilis Dodd syn. n., Platyscelio punctatus Kieffer syn. n., and Platyscelio wilcoxi Fullaway. The following species are hypothesized and described as new taxa: Platyscelio arcuatus Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (Western Australia); Platyscelio mysterium Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa); Platyscelio mzantsi Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (South Africa); and Platyscelio striga Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (Western Australia).

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          Skeletomusculature of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea):  head and mesosoma

          ISTVÁN MIKÓ, LARS VILHELMSEN, NORMAN JOHNSON … (2007)
          The skeletomusculature of the head and mesosoma of the parasitoid wasp family Scelionidae is reviewed. Representatives of 27 scelionid genera are examined together with 13 non-scelionid taxa for comparison. Terms employed for other groups of Hymenoptera are reviewed, and a consensus terminology is proposed. External characters are redescribed and correlated with corresponding apodemes, muscles and putative exocrine gland openings; their phylogenetic importance is discussed. 229 skeletal structures were termed and defined, from which 84 are newly established or redefined. 67 muscles of the head and mesosoma are examined and homologized with those present in other Hymenoptera taxa. The presence of the cranio-antennal muscle, an extrinsic antennal muscle originating from the head capsule, is unique for Scelionidae. The dorsally bent epistomal sulcus and the corresponding internal epistomal ridge extend to the anterior margin of the oral foramen, the clypeo-pleurostomal line is absent and the tentorium is fused with the pleurostomal condyle. The frontal ledge is present in those scelionid genera having the anterior mandibular articulation located on the lateral margin of the oral foramen. The ledge corresponds to the site of origin of the mandibular abductor muscle, which is displaced from the genal area to the top of the frons. The protractor of the pharyngeal plate originates dorsally of the antennal foramen in Scelionidae. All scelionid genera have a postgenal bridge developed between the oral and occipital foramina. The propleural arm is reduced, muscles originating from the propleural arm in other Hymenoptera are situated on other propectal structures in Scelionidae. The profurcal bridge is absent. The first flexor of the fore wing originates from the posteroventral part of the pronotum in Scelionidae and Vanhorniidae, whereas the muscle originatesfrom the mesopleuron in all other Hymenoptera. The netrion apodeme anteriorly limits the site of origin of the first flexor of the fore wing. Three types of netrion are described on the basis of the relative position of the netrion apodeme and the posterior pronotal inflection. The occlusor muscle apodeme is absent in basal Scelionidae, the fan-shaped muscle originates from the pronotum. In Nixonia the muscle originates posterior to the netrion apodeme. The skaphion apodeme crosses the site of origin of the longitudinal flight muscle. The lateral and dorsal axillar surfaces and the axillar carina are defined and described for the first time in Platygastroidea. The retractor of the mesoscutum is reported in Scelionidae and the variability of the muscle and corresponding skeletal structures within the family is described. The term sternaulus is redefined on the basis of the site of origin of the mesopleuro-mesobasalare muscle. The term speculum is adopted from Ichneumonidae and Cynipoidea taxonomy on the basis of the site of origin of the mesopleuro-mesofurcal muscle. The remnants of the mesopleural ridge, sulcus and mesopleural arm and pit and the putative border between the mesepisternum and mesepimeron is discussed. The mesopleural depressor of the mesotrochanter sensu Gibson 1985 originates from the anterior extension of the mesofurca and therefore the muscle is redefined and referred to in the present study as the lateral mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle. In Nixonia, Sparasion, Idris and Gryon both the lateral and median mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscles are present. The lateral mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle is present in Platygastridae. The second flexor of the hind wing at least partly originates from the posteriorly delimited area of the mesopectus in Scelionidae similarly to some other Proctotrupomorpha and Chalcidoidea. The serial homology of this area and the netrion is discussed. The possible serial homology of the medially elevated area of the metanotum and mesoscutellum and the usage of the term metascutellum in Apocrita is discussed with the descriptions of correlated internal structures. The anterior metanotal wing process is located on the independent humeral sclerite in Scelionidae, similar to other Apocrita except Cynipoidea. The metanotal depressor of the metatrochanter originates from the humeral sclerite in Scelionidae as well as in some other Proctotrupoidea. The metapleuron is extended secondarily dorsally of the metapleural ridge and corresponding metapleural sulcus in Scelionidae. In Telenominae, Gryonini and Baeini the metafurca is located posteriorly on the metadiscrimenal lamella.
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            REVISIONARY NOTES AND KEYS TO WORLD GENERA OF SCELIONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA)

            Lubomír Masner (1976)
            New taxonomic information is given on the identities, generic classification, morphology, relationships, and geographic distribution of several hundred species of proctotrupoid wasps. The paper is based on a study of primary types of 270 species of Scelionidae, many secondary types, and other important material in 40 world museums and private collections with approximately 300,000 specimens of Proctotrupoidea having been examined. Many genera are redefined, and generic diagnoses completed or corrected. The tribal classification is reviewed; four new tribes are proposed in the subfamily Scelioninae, viz. Nixoniini, Sparasionini, Cremastobaeini, and Doddiellini.
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              KEY TO GENERA OF SCELIONIDAE OF THE HOLARCTIC REGION, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA)

              Lubomír Masner (1980)
              A key to the genera of Scelionidae of the Holarctic region is given. Sixty-seven genera are recognized in three subfamilies, viz . Telenominae, Teleasinae, and Scelioninae. Seven new genera and six new species are described from America north of Mexico, viz . Aradoctonus armatus n. gen. and n. sp. (Telenominae, Telenomini), Embioctonus setiger n. gen. and n. sp. (Scelioninae, Embidobiini), Epigryon audax n. gen. and n. sp. (Scelioninae, Gryonini), Exon californicum n. gen. and n. sp. (Scelioninae, Gryonini), Harringtonia n. gen. for Baryconus cinctus Harrington (Scelioninae, Psilanteridini), Mecix texana n. gen. and n. sp. (Scelioninae, Psilanteridini), and Spiniteleia campbelli n. gen. and n. sp. (Scelioninae, Psilanteridini). The Nearctic and Palearctic faunas of Scelionidae are compared, analyzed, and tabulated on generic level. Twenty-eight plates with 207 scanning electron micrographs and line drawings are included.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C0E50988-A280-4F6E-ACC8-ADD75444C56A
                : URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3508C4FF-F027-445F-8417-90AB4AB8FE0D
                : URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FA505310-F606-4F6C-A1DF-74B9A0055B2E
                : URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AFDEB328-39B5-4902-A907-26603BCC99D6
                : URI : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:32162F96-0051-473E-A54F-229E1E75520C
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Zookeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ZooKeys
                Title: ZooKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1313-2989
                ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 June 2010
                Issue: 50
                Pages: 97-126
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, U.S.A.
                [2 ]Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Bldg., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
                [3 ]Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
                [4 ]Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Field Research Station, Jafarkhan Colony, Calicut – 673006, Kerala, India
                Author notes
                Corresponding authors: Charuwat Taekul ( taekul.1@ 123456osu.edu ), Norman F. Johnson ( johnson.2@ 123456osu.edu ).

                Academic editor: Michael J. Sharkey

                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.50.485
                PMC ID: 3088017
                PubMed ID: 21594118
                SO-VID: 04bc06db-e7f2-47de-ba24-6ee12434a1a4
                Copyright © Copyright Charuwat Taekulet et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 1 June 2010
                Date accepted : 8 June 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: biodiversity informatics,tettigoniidae,platygastridae,egg parasitoids,scelioninae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: biodiversity informatics, tettigoniidae, platygastridae, egg parasitoids, scelioninae

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