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      Seguridad de la anestesia neuroaxial en mujeres con embarazo gemelar y síndrome de transfusión feto-fetal, sometidas a fotocoagulación láser. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva Translated title: Safety of neuraxial anesthesia in patients twin pregnancy and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome taken to laser photocoagulation. Retrospective cohort study

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          RESUMEN

          Objetivo:

          describir las características clínicas y la frecuencia de complicaciones maternas, fetales y neonatales, según técnica de anestesia neuroaxial (AN) en mujeres con síndrome de transfusión feto-fetal (STFF) tratadas con fotocoagulación láser (FL).

          Materiales y métodos:

          estudio de cohorte retrospectiva descriptivo. Se incluyeron gestantes con STFF tratadas con FL y AN en la Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali (Colombia) entre 2013-2017. Se excluyeron pacientes con STFF estadio-V de Quintero. Se usó estadística descriptiva. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la institución.

          Resultados:

          32 participantes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. La población estuvo constituida por mujeres jóvenes, multíparas.

          En el 87,5% de los casos se realizó intervención de urgencia. El 43,7% presentaba el estadio-III de Quintero y en el 56,2 % de las gestantes se utilizó anestesia epidural. Las variables hemodinámicas maternas exhibieron un comportamiento similar, acorde al momento de la cirugía y la técnica neuoraxial implementada. El 65,6 % de las gestantes presentó hipotensión sostenida y el 9,3 % desarrolló edema pulmonar. El 65,6 % de las pacientes experimentó parto pretérmino y el 18,7 % ruptura prematura de membranas. Se registraron 14 muertes fetales y cinco neonatales. No se registraron casos de mortalidad materna.

          Conclusiones:

          en pacientes con STFF que requieren FL, el uso de la anestesia epidural, espinal o combinada probablemente se asocia con un comportamiento similar al de las variables hemodinámicas maternas, durante los momentos de la cirugía. Los profesionales que brindan atención a estas gestantes deben estar alerta ante la frecuente aparición de complicaciones maternas, fetales y neonatales. Se requieren estudios prospectivos que evalúen la seguridad y la efectividad de las diferentes técnicas de anestesia neuroaxial en pacientes con STFF.

          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To describe the clinical characteristics and the frequency of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications in accordance with the neuraxial anesthesia (NA) technique in women with twin-to- twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with laser photocoagulation.

          Materials and Methods:

          Descriptive retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients with TTTS treated with laser photocoagulation under NA at Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali (Colombia), between 2013-2017. Patients with Quintero stage VTTTS were excluded. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee.

          Results:

          Of the participants, 32 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population consisted of young, multiparous women. Urgent interventions were performed in 87.5% of cases; 43.7% were Quintero stage III and epidural anesthesia was used in 56.2% of the women. Maternal hemodynamic variables were similar, in accordance with the timing of surgery and the neuraxial technique used. Sustained hypotension occurred in 65.6% of the pregnant women and 9.3% developed pulmonary edema. Pre-term delivery occurred in 65.6% of the patients and 18.7% had premature rupture of membranes. There were 14 fetal demises and five neonatal deaths. There were no cases of maternal mortality.

          Conclusions:

          In patients with TTTS requiring laser photocoagulation, the use of epidural, spinal or combined anesthesia is likely associated with similar maternal hemodynamic variables at the time of surgery. Practitioners providing care to these pregnant women must be aware of the frequent occurrence of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications. Prospective studies to assess the safety and effectiveness of the different neuraxial anesthesia techniques in patients with TTTS are required.

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          Most cited references40

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          Staging of twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of sonographic and clinical parameters to develop a staging classification of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Severe TTTS was defined as the presence of polyhydramnios (maximum vertical pocket of > or = 8 cm) and oligohydramnios (maximum vertical pocket of < or = 2 cm). Nonvisualization of the bladder in the donor twin (-BDT) and absence of presence of hydrops was also noted. The middle cerebral artery, umbilical artery, ductus venosus, and umbilical vein in both fetuses were assessed with pulsed Doppler. Critically abnormal Doppler studies (CADs) were defined as absent/reverse end-diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery, reverse flow in the ductus venosus, or pulsatile flow in the umbilical vein. TTTS was staged as follows: stage I, BDT still visible; stage II, BDT no longer visible, no CADs; stage III, CADs; stage IV, hydrops; stage V, demise of one or both twins. Laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (LPCV) or umbilical cord ligation was performed depending on the severity of the condition. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of St. Joseph's Hospital in Tampa and by the Fetal Therapy Board at Hutzel Hospital, Detroit, and all patients gave informed consent. A total of 80 of 108 referred patients met criteria for surgery, but only 65 were treated surgically: 48 with LPCV and 17 with umbilical cord ligation. Complete Doppler data were obtainable in 41 of 48 LPCV patients. Survival rates by stage for one or two fetuses were statistically different (chi-squared analysis = 12.9, df = 6, p = 0.044). Neither percent size discordance nor gestational age at diagnosis were predictive of outcome. Staging of TTTS using the proposed criteria has prognostic significance. This staging system may allow comparison of outcome data of TTTS with different treatment modalities.
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            Definitions of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: literature search and application to parturients.

            Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section may cause hypotension, jeopardizing the foetus and its mother. We aimed to identify the spectrum of definitions of hypotension used in the scientific literature. In a second part, we applied these definitions to a prospective cohort in order to evaluate the effect of different definitions on the incidence of hypotension. A systematic literature search in PubMed was performed from 1999 to 2009 with the search terms 'hypotension' and 'caesarean section'. Consecutive parturients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were included in a prospective study. Sixty-three eligible publications (7120 patients) were retrieved, revealing 15 different definitions of hypotension. A decrease below 80% baseline and the combined definition of a blood pressure below 100 mmHg or a decrease below 80% baseline were the two most frequent definitions, found in 25.4% and 20.6% of the papers, respectively. When applying the spectrum of definitions to a prospective cohort, the incidences of hypotension varied between 7.4% and 74.1%. The incidence increased from 26.7% to 38.5% when using a value below 75% of baseline instead of below 70% of baseline. There is not one accepted definition of hypotension in the scientific literature. The incidence of hypotension varies depending on the chosen definition. Even minor changes of the definition cause major differences in the frequency of hypotension. This makes it difficult to compare studies on interventions to treat/prevent hypotension and probably hampers progress in this area of research.
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              Twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

              We sought to review the natural history, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: MD
                Role: MD
                Role: MD
                Role: MD
                Role: MD
                Role: MD
                Journal
                Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol
                Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol
                rcog
                Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología; Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                0034-7434
                2463-0225
                30 September 2021
                September 2021
                : 72
                : 3
                : 258-270
                Affiliations
                [1. ] originalUniversidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Cali (Colombia). normalizedUniversidad Icesi orgnameUniversidad Icesi orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Cali, Colombia
                [2. ] originalFundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Cali (Colombia). orgnameFundación Valle del Lili orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas Cali, Colombia
                [3. ] originalFundación Valle del Lili, Departamento de Anestesiología, Cali (Colombia) orgnameFundación Valle del Lili orgdiv1Departamento de Anestesiología Cali, Colombia
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondencia: Luis Felipe Laverde-Martínez, Fundación Valle del Lili, carrera 98 No. 18-49, Cali (Colombia). Teléfono: (57) (2) 3319090, ext. 4022. luis.laverde@ 123456fvl.org.co

                Conflicto de intereses: los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de intereses.

                Article
                10.18597/rcog.3644
                8616583
                34851569
                04c58d0e-cbb1-47d1-b0c8-24b05333ba87

                Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 30 December 2020
                : 02 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 13
                Categories
                Investigación Original

                embarazo gemelar,transfusión feto-fetal,anestesia,anestesia epidural,anestesia raquídea,fotocoagulación láser,fetoscopia,monozygotic twins,fetofetal transfusion,anesthesia,epidural anesthesia,spinal anesthesia,general anesthesia

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