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      • Record: found
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      Levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor of eyes with primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and cataract

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The focus of this study aimed at measuring multiple inflammatory cytokines levels in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) and senile cataract.

          Methods

          This case control study was conducted at the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt in 2016. Aqueous humor (AH) samples were withdrawn from 50 patients (30 POAG, and 20 PEXG) and from 15 patients with senile cataract serving as controls. The levels of IL6, IL8, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), tumor necrosis growth factor α (TNFα) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were analyzed by ELISA immune-assay. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10, using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and independent-samples t-test.

          Results

          The levels of IL8, TGFβ1, TNFα and SAA were significantly higher in POAG and PEXG patients, compared to senile cataract patients. While the levels of IL6, were significantly decreased in both groups of glaucoma patients compared to cataract patients. Significant positive correlations were detected between IL6, IL 8 & TGF β1, IL 8; SAA, IL8 & TGFβ1, SAA in the aqueous humor of different groups.

          Conclusion

          Thus the assayed cytokines including TGFβ1, TNFα, IL8 and SAA in aqueous humor, play a vital role in IOP elevations in patients with POAG and PEXG.

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          Most cited references27

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          Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine.

          P.D. Eckersall, R. Bell (2010)
          Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been used as biomarkers of inflammation, infection and trauma for decades in human medicine but have been relatively under-utilised in the context of veterinary medicine. However, significant progress has been made in the detection, measurement and application of APPs as biomarkers in both companion and farm animal medicine over recent years. In the dog, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A have been identified as significant diagnostic 'markers' of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis, while in cats and cattle haptoglobin and alpha(1) acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin and serum amyloid A have proved valuable biomarkers of disease, respectively. In dairy cattle, haptoglobin and a mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 isoform, produced by the inflamed mammary gland during episodes of mastitis, have great potential as biomarkers of this economically important disease. Understanding the use of APP as biomarkers of inflammatory conditions of domestic animals has expanded significantly over recent years, and, with the insights provided by ongoing research, it is likely that these compounds will be increasingly used in the future in the diagnosis and prognosis of both companion and farm animal disease. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor-1 in the retina of normal and glaucomatous eyes.

            Güler G Tezel, Yuan-Yuan Li, Kalpesh R. Patil … (2001)
            To determine the expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor-1 in the retina of normal and glaucomatous eyes. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, retinal expression and localization of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor-1 were studied in retina sections from 20 eyes of donors with glaucoma, and 20 eyes of age-matched normal donors. According to immunohistochemistry, the intensity of the immunostaining and the number of labeled cells for TNF-alpha or its receptor were greater in retina sections of glaucomatous eyes than in control eyes of age-matched normal donors. In situ hybridization showed that mRNA signals for TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha receptor-1 were similarly more intense in glaucomatous eyes than in age-matched control eyes. Both protein and mRNA of TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha receptor-1 were predominantly localized to the inner retinal layers. Double-immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated that retinal immunostaining for TNF-alpha was predominantly positive in the glial cells, whereas immunostaining for TNF-alpha receptor-1 was mainly positive in the retinal ganglion cells. Upregulation of TNF-alpha and its receptor-1 in glaucomatous retina suggest that TNF-alpha-mediated cell death is involved in the neurodegeneration process of glaucoma.
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              TGFbeta2-induced changes in human trabecular meshwork: implications for intraocular pressure.

              Richard Clark, P Hellberg, Debra Fleenor … (2005)
              Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 levels are elevated in glaucomatous human aqueous humor. TGFbeta is a cytokine that alters extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and excess ECM has been proposed to increase aqueous outflow resistance in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of glaucomatous eyes. This study was undertaken to investigate effects of TGFbeta2 on secretion of fibronectin and the protease inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 from human TM cell cultures and perfused human ocular anterior segments. Total RNA was isolated from pooled human TM cell monolayers and used for a gene microarray expression analysis. Supernatants from treated human TM cells were analyzed by ELISA for fibronectin or PAI-1 content. TGFbeta2 effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated in a perfused organ culture model using human anterior segments, and eluates were analyzed for fibronectin and PAI-1 content. Overnight treatment of TM cells with TGFbeta2 upregulated multiple ECM-related genes, such as PAI-1. TGFbeta2 also increased secretion of both fibronectin and PAI-1 from TM cells. TGFbeta2 effects on TM cells were blocked by inhibitors of the TGFbeta type I receptor. In perfused human anterior segments, TGFbeta2 treatment elevated IOP and increased eluate fibronectin and PAI-1 content. TGFbeta2 effects on IOP may be transduced by TGFbeta type-I receptor-mediated changes in TM secretion of ECM-related factors such as fibronectin and PAI-1. Modulation of TGFbeta2-induced changes in the ECM may provide a novel and viable approach to the management of glaucoma.
              Article 0 comments Cited 87 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Electron Physician
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Electron Physician
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Electronic physician
                Title: Electronic Physician
                Publisher: Electronic physician
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-5842
                Publication date Collection: February 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 February 2017
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 3833-3837
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Clinical Pathology Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
                [2 ]Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
                [3 ]Medical Biochemistry Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Professor Dr. Leqaa Moemen, Medical Biochemistry Unit, Research Institute of ophthalmology, Egypt. Tel: +201001033755, E-Mail: leqaa.moemen@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: epj-09-3833
                DOI: 10.19082/3833
                PMC ID: 5410914
                PubMed ID: 28465815
                SO-VID: 04efcc2f-12fc-4b6c-b5a8-26335d6bdc27
                Copyright © © 2017 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 13 November 2016
                Date accepted : 16 January 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: cytokines,primary open angle glaucoma,pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cytokines, primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

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