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      Reactivación de micosis fungoide en estadio de placa por administración de extracto dializado de leucocitos vía oral. Reporte de caso Translated title: Reactivation of patch-stage mycosis fungoides caused by oral administration of dialyzable leukocyte extract. Case report

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: La micosis fungoide es un linfoma cutáneo de células T. El estadio de placa se encuentra limitado a piel y puede involucionar o progresar, diseminándose a sangre periférica, ganglios y vísceras. Reporte de caso: Mujer de 64 años de edad con dermatosis de seis años de evolución con placas descamativas, mal delimitadas y pruriginosas en tórax y extremidades. Había recibido esteroides orales y antihistamínicos, con los que presentaba remisiones parciales transitorias. Mediante biopsia cutánea se encontraron microabscesos de Pautrier, patognomónicos de micosis fungoide. La tomografía por emisión de positrones y el frotis de sangre periférica descartaron diseminación y confirmaron micosis fungoide en estadio de placa. La paciente recibió derivados tópicos de mostaza nitrogenada, psoralenos con radiaciones ultravioleta A, esteroides y tacrolimus. Presentó remisión total a los seis meses. Dos años después recibió extracto dializado de leucocitos, con el que se reactivaron las lesiones con prurito intenso; suspendió el extracto. Las lesiones involucionaron dos semanas después de iniciar el clobetasol tópico. Conclusiones: En la micosis fungoide predomina Th2. Dado que el extracto dializado de leucocitos refuerza el perfil Th1 no se esperaba que reactivara la enfermedad, pero los diversos inmunofenotipos de los linfocitos en la micosis fungoide y las complejas redes de activación ocasionaron reactivación paradójica.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The patch stage is limited to the skin and may spontaneously involute or progress, spreading to peripheral blood, lymph nodes and viscera. Case report: 64 year-old female with a 6-year history of dermatosis with scaly, poorly delimited and pruritic plaques on the chest and extremities. She had received oral steroids and antihistamines, with transient partial remissions been experienced. Skin biopsy revealed Pautrier’s microabscesses, which are pathognomonic of mycosis fungoides. Positron-emission tomography and peripheral blood smear ruled out dissemination and confirmed patch-stage mycosis fungoides. She received nitrogen mustard topical derivatives, psoralen plus UVA therapy, steroids and tacrolimus. She achieved complete remission at 6 months. Two years later, she was treated with dialyzable leukocyte extract, which reactivated the patch lesions with severe itching; the extract was discontinued. The lesions resolved two weeks after topical clobetasol was applied. Conclusions: Th2 predominates in mycosis fungoides. Given that dialyzable leukocyte extract reinforces the Th1 profile, it was unlikely for it to reactivate the disease, but the diversity of lymphocyte immunophenotypes in mycosis fungoides and the complex activation networks caused a paradoxical reactivation.

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          Immunopathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

          Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogenous group of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by clonally derived, skin-invasive T cells. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are the most common types of CTCLs and are characterized by malignant CD4(+)/CLA(+)/CCR4(+) T cells that also lack the usual T cell surface markers CD7 and/or CD26. As MF/SS advances, the clonal dominance of the malignant cells results in the expression of predominantly Th2 cytokines, progressive immune dysregulation in patients, and further tumor cell growth. This review summarizes recent insights into the pathogenesis and immunobiology of MF/SS and how these have shaped current therapeutic approaches, in particular the growing emphasis on enhancement of host antitumor immune responses as the key to successful therapy.
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            TH2 cytokines from malignant cells suppress TH1 responses and enforce a global TH2 bias in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

            In leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (L-CTCL), malignant T cells accumulate in the blood and give rise to widespread skin inflammation. Patients have intense pruritus, increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), and decreased T-helper (TH)-1 responses, and most die from infection. Depleting malignant T cells while preserving normal immunity is a clinical challenge. L-CTCL has been variably described as a malignancy of regulatory, TH2 and TH17 cells.
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              Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Immunomodulator on Cytokines Levels: An Alternative Therapy for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

              Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric illness that presents as a deficit of serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. MDD patients also experience alterations in cortisol and cytokines levels. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is the first-line antidepressant regimen for MDD. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of SSRIs and an immunomodulator—human dialyzable leukocyte extract (hDLE)—on cortisol and cytokines levels. Patients received SSRIs or SSRIs plus hDLE. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL-2, and IFN- γ ; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and IL-10; and 24-h urine cortisol were measured at weeks (W) 0, 5, 20, 36, and 52 of treatment. The reduction in cortisol levels in the SSRI-treated group was 30% until W52, in contrast, the combined treatment induced a 54% decrease at W36. The decline in cortisol in patients who were treated with SSRI plus hDLE correlated with reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines and increases levels of proinflammatory cytokines at the study conclusion. These results suggest that the immune-stimulating activity of hDLE, in combination with SSRIs, restored the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and cortisol levels in depressed patients versus those who were given SSRIs alone.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ram
                Revista alergia México
                Rev. alerg. Méx.
                Colegio Mexicano de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia, A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                2448-9190
                September 2018
                : 65
                : 3
                : 304-309
                Affiliations
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameSecretaría de Salud orgdiv1Hospital General de México México
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameHospital San Ángel Inn Chapultepec
                Article
                S2448-91902018000300224
                10.29262/ram.v65i3.335
                0516221a-a34c-44c4-bb53-6954a030bae3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 November 2017
                : 18 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Casos clínicos

                Micosis fungoide,Extracto dializado de leucocitos,Linfoma cutáneo,Microabscesos de Pautrier,Mycosis fungoides,Dialyzed leukocyte extract,Cutaneous lymphoma,Pautrier’s microabscesses

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