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      Comorbilidad del trastorno de hiperactividad con déficit de atención (THDA) en una muestra poblacional de niños y adolescentes escolares, Sabaneta, Colombia, 2001 Translated title: Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a childhood and adolescent student population based sample, Colombia, 2001

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCCIÓN: el THDA coexiste frecuentemente con diferentes entidades como el trastorno desafiante oposicional, alteraciones de la conducta o del afecto, ansiedad, dislexia y síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. Una adecuada comprensión de esta asociación es fundamental para orientar un tratamiento exitoso, lo cual influye y mejora el pronóstico. La prevalencia en nuestro medio es del 15%. Constituye el más importante problema comportamental del escolar. OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de la comorbilidad del THDA. METODOLOGÍA: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Muestra representativa, al azar, polietápica, proporcional al tamaño de los grupos de escolares entre 4 y 17 años. Medición en dos etapas: inicialmente aplicación de formulario de tamización según criterios del DSM-IV. Luego entrevista estructurada, pruebas de Conners y nivel de inteligencia. La entrevista incluye los criterios diagnósticos para las diferentes comorbilidades según elementos diagnósticos del DSM-IV. RESULTADOS: la evaluación especializada permitió encontrar las dificultades del aprendizaje (15,1%) como la comorbilidad más frecuente, seguida por el trastorno desafiante-oposicional (5,0%), ansiedad generalizada (2,7%), trastorno de la conducta (2,7%), fobias (2,3%), depresión (1,8%), trastorno bipolar (1,8%), trastorno obsesivo (0,9%) y epilepsia (0,9%). CONCLUSIONES: el trastorno más frecuentemente asociado al THDA fue dificultades del aprendizaje -TA- (15.1%). La búsqueda sistemática de esta comorbilidad representa un elemento central en el abordaje exitoso del niño con THDA.

          Translated abstract

          THDA is frequently accompanied by comorbid conditions like oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, affective disorders, dyslexia and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. A comprehensive evaluation of these associations is important to guide the treatment and has relevance in the prognosis. The prevalence in Sabaneta, Colombia, is 15%. It makes THDA the most frequent neurobehavioural disorder in childhood. METHODS: Descriptive, transversal study. Sample: random representative, poliaged, proportional according to group size for primary school students between 4 and 17 years of age. First stage ADHD screening checklist according to DSM-IV criteria. Second stage: structured neuropsychological interview, Conner´s checklist and intelligence quotient. The interview included DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for comorbidity. RESULTS: learning disorder was the most frequent comorbidity (15,1%), followed by oppositional defiant disorder (5%), generalized anxiety (2,7%), conduct disorders (2,7%), phobias (2,3), depression (1,8%), bipolar disorder (1,8%). Epilepsy and obsessive compulsive disorder represented each 0,9%. CONCLUSION: Learning Disorder is the most frequent comorbidity in children with THDA. The search for this comorbid condition represents a central hallmark in the successful evaluation and treatment of this condition.

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          Most cited references31

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          Religiosity as a protective factor in suicidal behavior: a case-control study.

          The impact of religiosity in suicidal behavior was evaluated in Brazil through a case-control study in which 110 subjects who had attempted suicide through the use of toxic substances were compared with 114 control subjects with no history of suicide attempts. Religiosity was measured in three aspects: organizational religious activities (ORAs), nonorganizational religious activities (NORAs), and intrinsic religiosity (IR). Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of religiosity on suicide attempts, controlling for sociodemographic variables, impulsivity, and mental illness. Religiosity, in its three dimensions, was shown to be an important protective factor against suicide attempts, even after controlling for relevant risk factors associated with suicidal behavior: ORA: odds ratio (OR), 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.89); NORA: OR, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.42-0.75); and IR: OR, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.49-0.70). These data have important implications for understanding religiosity factors that might protect against suicide.
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            Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: fact or artifact?

            To clarify whether the symptoms of inattention and distractibility commonly seen in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) represent true comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or a manifestation of obsessional anxiety.
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              Mortality among homeless and nonhomeless mentally ill veterans.

              This study directly compared mortality risk in homeless and nonhomeless mentally ill veterans and compared mortality rates in these groups with the general U.S. population. The study used a retrospective cohort design to assess mortality over a 9-year period in homeless (N = 6,714) and nonhomeless (N = 1,715) male veterans who were treated by Department of Veterans Affairs specialized mental health programs. The study showed that mortality rates in all homeless members of the cohort were significantly higher than the general U.S. population. Relative to nonhomeless cohort members, significant increases in mortality risk were observed in cohort members who at baseline were age 45 to 54 and had been homeless 1 year or less (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.36) and those age 55 and older who had been homeless 1 year or less (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.33, 2.52). Similar, but nonsignificant trends were observed in cohort members who had been homeless more than 1 year at baseline. Additionally, medical problems at baseline and history of prior hospitalization for alcohol problems elevated mortality risk. Employment at baseline and minority group membership reduced mortality risk. The study suggests that mentally ill veterans served by specialized VA mental health programs are at elevated risk of mortality, relative to the general population. Homelessness increases this risk, particularly in older veterans, and this difference does not abate after entry into a health care system.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                iat
                Iatreia
                Iatreia
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín )
                0121-0793
                June 2007
                : 20
                : 2
                : 101-110
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad deAntioquia Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad deAntioquia Colombia
                [3 ] Instituto Seguro Social Antioquia Colombia
                [4 ] Universidad deAntioquia Colombia
                Article
                S0121-07932007000200001
                05217617-0ab6-4574-8288-66c56aaa8d95

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0121-0793&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                ANXIETY,COMORBIDITY,CONDUCT DISORDER,DSM-IV,LEARNING DISORDER,OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER,THDA,ANSIEDAD,COMORBILIDAD,TRASTORNO DE CONDUCTA,TRASTORNO DEL APRENDIZAJE,TRASTORNO OPOSICIONISTA DESAFIANTE

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