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      The neuropathic pain triad: neurons, immune cells and glia.

      1 ,
      Nature neuroscience
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          Nociceptive pain results from the detection of intense or noxious stimuli by specialized high-threshold sensory neurons (nociceptors), a transfer of action potentials to the spinal cord, and onward transmission of the warning signal to the brain. In contrast, clinical pain such as pain after nerve injury (neuropathic pain) is characterized by pain in the absence of a stimulus and reduced nociceptive thresholds so that normally innocuous stimuli produce pain. The development of neuropathic pain involves not only neuronal pathways, but also Schwann cells, satellite cells in the dorsal root ganglia, components of the peripheral immune system, spinal microglia and astrocytes. As we increasingly appreciate that neuropathic pain has many features of a neuroimmune disorder, immunosuppression and blockade of the reciprocal signaling pathways between neuronal and non-neuronal cells offer new opportunities for disease modification and more successful management of pain.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Neurosci
          Nature neuroscience
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1097-6256
          1097-6256
          Nov 2007
          : 10
          : 11
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. scholz.joachim@mgh.harvard.edu
          Article
          nn1992
          10.1038/nn1992
          17965656
          05238b9a-f929-4268-ade8-46ef2507187a
          History

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