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      Frequência de ocorrência de cavidade anoftálmica na região centro-oeste paulista e características dos portadores Translated title: Frequency of occurrence of anophthalmic socket in the Middle West region of the state of São Paulo and the carriers characteristics

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Observar a frequência de ocorrência de casos de cavidade anoftálmica na região centro-oeste paulista e descrever o perfil demográfico dos portadores em estudo populacional. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de caráter observacional e de amostragem aleatória, realizado em 12 cidades da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, para as quais o centro de referência é a cidade de Botucatu. Os participantes foram determinados por sorteio que levou em conta o local de moradia, tendo sido estabelecida uma amostra de 11.453 indivíduos. Todos os exames foram feitos utilizando uma Unidade Oftalmológica Móvel. O protocolo da pesquisa consistiu de dados demográficos e exame oftalmológico completo (anamnese, antecedentes oculares e sistêmicos, antecedentes familiares, avaliação da acuidade visual com e sem correção, tonometria, biomicroscopia, fundoscopia e exame refracional). Todos os dados obtidos foram transferidos para tabela Excel e submetidos à análise descritiva e apresentados como frequência de ocorrência. RESULTADOS: A frequência de ocorrência de cavidade anoftálmica na região centro-oeste paulista foi de 0,96‰. Dentre os sujeitos examinados, foram encontrados 11 casos de cavidade anoftálmica, com acometimento de 0,7‰, no sexo feminino e 1,3‰, do sexo masculino. Dentre as causas de cavidade anoftálmica foram encontradas glaucoma (olho cego doloroso), microftalmia, trauma e endoftalmite. Os indivíduos eram, em sua maioria, de idade superior ou igual a 40 anos, tendo sido encontrado apenas um caso com idade abaixo de 19 anos. CONCLUSÃO: A cavidade anoftálmica ocorreu em 0,96‰ dos habitantes da região centro-oeste paulista, acometendo mais frequentemente os homens e com grande variação de idade de acometimento.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To observe the frequency of the occurrence of the anophthalmic socket in the Middle West region of the state of São Paulo and to describe the demographic profile of the carriers in a population-based data. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involve a random sampling carried out in twelve cities of the Middle West region of the state of São Paulo, for which the reference center is the city of Botucatu was done. The participators were chosen by assortment which considered the houses of these people. It was established a sampling with 11,453 people. All the exams were realized using a Mobile Ophthalmologic Unit. The research protocol included the demographic data and the complete ophthalmologic exam (anamnesis, ocular and systemic antecedents, familiar antecedents, visual acuity with and without correction, tonometry, biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and refraction exam). All the data were transferred to an Excel spreadsheet and submitted to a descriptive analysis and were presented by the frequency of the occurrence. RESULTS: Ophthalmic socket frequency in the Middle West region of the state of São Paulo was 0.96‰. We found 11 cases of anophthalmic socket, with involvement of 0.7 ‰ in females and 1.3 ‰, male. The most common causes of anophthalmic socket were glaucoma (blind painful eye), microphthalmia, trauma, and endophthalmitis. The majority of the people were 40 years old or more, and we found just one person younger than 19 years old. CONCLUSION:The anophthalmic socket occurred in 0.96‰ of the habitants of the Middle West region of São Paulo State, occurring mainly in male and with large variety of the affected ages.

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          Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002

          This paper presents estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes in 2002, based on the best available evidence derived from recent studies. Estimates were determined from data on low vision and blindness as defined in the International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, 10th revision. The number of people with visual impairment worldwide in 2002 was in excess of 161 million, of whom about 37 million were blind. The burden of visual impairment is not distributed uniformly throughout the world: the least developed regions carry the largest share. Visual impairment is also unequally distributed across age groups, being largely confined to adults 50 years of age and older. A distribution imbalance is also found with regard to gender throughout the world: females have a significantly higher risk of having visual impairment than males. Notwithstanding the progress in surgical intervention that has been made in many countries over the last few decades, cataract remains the leading cause of visual impairment in all regions of the world, except in the most developed countries. Other major causes of visual impairment are, in order of importance, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma.
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            Current trends in managing the anophthalmic socket after primary enucleation and evisceration.

            To evaluate current trends in the management of the anophthalmic socket after primary enucleation and evisceration. The active membership of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) was surveyed regarding primary enucleations and eviscerations performed between January and December 2002. Survey questions included practice demographics, orbital implant use, wrapping materials, placement of a motility peg, reasons for implant choice, and complications encountered. A total of 2,779 primary orbital implants were reported, comprising 1,919 (69.1%) enucleations and 860 (30.9%) eviscerations. The high-density porous polyethylene implant was used most frequently for enucleations (42.7%), followed by coralline hydroxyapatite (27.3%) and nonporous alloplastic implants (19.9%). For eviscerations, the high-density porous polyethylene implant was the most commonly used implant (42.3%), followed by hydroxyapatite (25.9%) and nonporous alloplastic implants (25.7%). The top 3 reasons for implant choice were outcome (69.3%), cost (43.6%), and experience (39.5%). Most implants were either not wrapped (59.8%) or were wrapped in donor sclera (25.2%) or polyglactin mesh (7.2%). Pegs were used in 8.1% of all implants reported. The most frequent complications encountered for unpegged implants were exposure (3.2%) and infection (0.4%). For pegged implants, the most common complications reported were pyogenic granuloma (13.7%), exposure (5.7%), and discharge (5.7%). In managing the anophthalmic socket, ASOPRS survey respondents preferred to use the porous polyethylene implant after primary enucleation and evisceration. Most orbital implants were not wrapped, and most surgeons preferred not to place a motility post or peg in the implant.
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              Enucleation, evisceration, and sympathetic ophthalmia.

              This year's review of enucleation, evisceration, and sympathetic ophthalmia yielded a multitude of studies and data. Articles ranged from single case reports to large clinical series and in-depth subject overviews. With regard to enucleation, several new HA implant variations were described, along with limited clinical experience. Various techniques for management of postenucleation and evisceration complications also were described, including management of infection, implant exposure, and postenucleation socket syndrome. The risk of sympathetic ophthalmia after evisceration, as compared with enucleation, remains a highly polarized and inconclusive subject.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2749
                1678-2925
                April 2013
                : 76
                : 2
                : 90-93
                Affiliations
                [04] Botucatu SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia Brasil
                [02] Botucatu SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Brasil
                [01] Botucatu SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Brasil
                [03] Botucatu SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências orgdiv2Departamento de Bioestatística Brasil
                Article
                S0004-27492013000200007
                10.1590/S0004-27492013000200007
                053e4fe6-474b-4356-a58e-46afc3691834

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2012
                : 21 January 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Cross-sectional studies,Procedimentos cirúrgicos oftalmológicos,Population surveillance,Estudos transversais,Técnicas de diagnóstico oftalmológico,Vigilância da população,Epidemiology,Anophthalmic socket,Ophthalmologic surgical procedures,Epidemiologia,Cavidade anoftálmica

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