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      Investigating the domestication and early management of reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus) in the Sámi archaeological context from teeth geometric morphometrics

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          Abstract

          For centuries, reindeer herding has been an integral part of the subsistence, lifeways, economy and cosmology of the Sámi of northern Fennoscandia. Despite its importance, the timing and details of early reindeer domestication are still highly debated. Identifying domesticated individuals in the archaeological record remains complicated due to the presence of two interbreeding subspecies in Fennoscandia and a mixed socio-economic organisation by Sámi populations, which was mainly a combination of wild reindeer hunting and small-scale reindeer herding. This study proposes methodological improvement for identifying domestic individuals using 2D landmark and sliding semi-landmark based geometric morphometrics on the isolated lower molars of 389 modern specimens, and 90 teeth from four archaeological sites in Finnish Lapland. Our results indicate that despite the significant impact of wear on overall tooth morphology, our protocol is very useful for identifying subspecies (classification accuracy of the two species is between 78 and 91% depending on the wear class) and understanding the morphological changes induced by the domestication process. We suggest that the morphological variation observable among modern populations has been impacted by recent changes in herding strategies in northern Fennoscandia, and that the archaeological domesticated reindeer populations were relatively different, probably due to selection by the Sámi. This study also highlights the importance of using other direct evidence or contextual archaeological data to better trace the early evidence of a domesticated reindeer economy in northern Fennoscandia, and aid in reconstructing the socio-economic changes in Sámi populations over time.

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          Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing

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            Theade4Package: Implementing the Duality Diagram for Ecologists

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              Extensions of the Procrustes Method for the Optimal Superimposition of Landmarks

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                maxime.pelletier@oulu.fi
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                15 April 2023
                15 April 2023
                2023
                : 13
                : 6174
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.10858.34, ISNI 0000 0001 0941 4873, Archaeology, History, Culture and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities, , University of Oulu, ; Oulu, Finland
                [2 ]GRID grid.410542.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0486 042X, CNRS UMR5608 TRACES, , University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, ; Toulouse, France
                [3 ]GRID grid.516364.3, UMR 8068 TEMPS, , MSH-Mondes, ; Nanterre, France
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7547-7442
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2464-0761
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-1463
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-385X
                Article
                33422
                10.1038/s41598-023-33422-6
                10105696
                37061658
                054f3e6d-ec6f-4f43-8575-1a08b4558cfd
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 23 December 2022
                : 12 April 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341, Academy of Finland;
                Award ID: 275635
                Award ID: 275635
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781, European Research Council;
                Award ID: 756431
                Award ID: 756431
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, Agence Nationale de la Recherche;
                Award ID: ANR-18-CE03-0007
                Award ID: ANR-18-CE03-0007
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Uncategorized
                palaeontology,archaeology
                Uncategorized
                palaeontology, archaeology

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