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      No todo dolor torácico es isquémico: neumotórax a tensión masivo Translated title: Chest pain is not always ischaemic: massive tension pneumothorax

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 60 años a la que, a tenor de un episodio de dolor torácico opresivo, de predominio en hemitórax izquierdo, se le hizo un electrocardiograma en el que se vio infradesnivelación del segmento ST. Aunque la clínica y el trazado en el electrocardiograma eran sugestivos de cardiopatía isquémica como primera sospecha diagnóstica, la causa del cuadro fue un neumotórax espontáneo izquierdo a tensión masivo. A pesar de que es una manifestación infrecuente, conocer qué patologías pueden provocar este tipo de alteraciones es importante para las médicas y médicos de Atención Primaria a fin de abordar correctamente situaciones de carácter emergente.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT We report a 60-year-old female patient who suffered a compressive chest pain episode mainly in the left hemithorax. The electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment depression. Although the symptoms and electrocardiogram trace suggested an ischaemic cardiomyopathy as the initial diagnostic option, the actual cause was a left spontaneous massive tension pneumothorax. Although this is a rare manifestation, it is important for primary care physicians to know the main pathologies that can cause these kinds of changes on the electrocardiogram to correctly tackle emerging situations.

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          Most cited references5

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          Pleuritic Chest Pain: Sorting Through the Differential Diagnosis.

          Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling. Pulmonary embolism is the most common serious cause, found in 5% to 21% of patients who present to an emergency department with pleuritic chest pain. A validated clinical decision rule for pulmonary embolism should be employed to guide the use of additional tests such as d-dimer assays, ventilation-perfusion scans, or computed tomography angiography. Myocardial infarction, pericarditis, aortic dissection, pneumonia, and pneumothorax are other serious causes that should be ruled out using history and physical examination, electrocardiography, troponin assays, and chest radiography before another diagnosis is made. Validated clinical decision rules are available to help exclude coronary artery disease. Viruses are common causative agents of pleuritic chest pain. Coxsackieviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza, mumps, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus are likely pathogens. Treatment is guided by the underlying diagnosis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are appropriate for pain management in those with virally triggered or nonspecific pleuritic chest pain. In patients with persistent symptoms, persons who smoke, and those older than 50 years with pneumonia, it is important to document radiographic resolution with repeat chest radiography six weeks after initial treatment.
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            Elevación del ST y neumotórax a tensión

            We present a case of a sixty-nine-year-old male admitted to the hospital because of an acute respiratory failure that needed intubation and mechanical ventilation. Shortly after several attempts of right and left (the last one successful) subclavian vein cannulation (the last one successful) he developed a bilateral tension pneumothorax with important hemodynamic repercussion, a critical hypoxia and an ST elevation in inferior leads. Other more typical electrocardiographic changes could be observed: decrease in QRS amplitude and diminishing of precordial R voltage. After removing the air of the right pleural space, all the electrocardiographic signs disappeared returning to normal without electric or enzymatic assay of myocardial necrosis.
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              Alteraciones electrocardiográficas en neumotórax izquierdo

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                albacete
                Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia
                Rev Clin Med Fam
                Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain )
                1699-695X
                2386-8201
                2023
                : 16
                : 1
                : 63-65
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Goya España
                [2] San Agustín de Guadalix Madrid orgnameConsultorio de San Agustín de Guadalix España
                [3] Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Goya España
                Article
                S1699-695X2023000100012 S1699-695X(23)01600100012
                10.55783/rcmf.160112
                05759fe5-d36e-44e1-9279-de877a82305c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2022
                : 20 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 5, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Un paciente con...

                Electrocardiography,hipoxia,cardiopatía isquémica,electrocardiografía,neumotórax,Pneumothorax,Myocardial Ischaemia,Hypoxia

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