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      Crecimiento y contenido nutrimental de Pinus greggii Engelm. inoculado con el hongo comestible ectomicorrízico Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quél Translated title: Growth and nutrient contents of Pinus greggii Engelm. inoculated with the edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quél

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó el crecimiento y contenido de macro y micronutrimentos de Pinus greggii Engelm., cuando éste fue inoculado con el hongo comestible ectomicorrízico Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quél. Se tuvieron dos tratamientos: plantas inoculadas con H. mesophaeum y plantas sin inocular. Los resultados mostraron que tanto el peso seco de la parte aérea y de la raíz, altura y diámetro del tallo así como el contenido total de N, P, K, Ca y Mg, fueron mayores en las plantas inoculadas con respecto a las plantas no inoculadas. Los contenidos de P y Mg fueron, respectivamente, 6.7 y 6.9 veces mayor en la parte aérea de las plantas inoculadas que las no inoculadas. Adicionalmente, existió una eficiencia alta de H. mesophaeum para la traslocación de P, K y Mg a la parte aérea de las plantas. El porcentaje de micorrización fue alto (79.5 %), del cual, más de la mitad se observó en la parte media del cepellón. La inoculación con H. mesophaeum tiene entonces un gran potencial de uso en la producción de plantas de P. greggii en invernadero.

          Translated abstract

          Growth and macro and micronutrient contents of Pinus greggii Engelm. inoculated with the edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quél. was evaluated. The experiment consisted of two treatments: plants inoculated with H. mesophaeum and non-inoculated plants. Results showed that shoot and root dry weight, shoot height, stem diameter, and total contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were higher in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. P and Mg contents were 6.7 and 6.9 times respectively higher in the shoot of inoculated plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants. Additionally, H. mesophaeum originated a high translocation efficiency of P, K and Mg to the shoot. The percentage of mycorrhization was high (79.5 %); more than half of it being observed in the central part of the root ball in the plant containers. Therefore, inoculation with H. mesophaeum has a great potential to be used in the production of P. greggii plants under greenhouse conditions.

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          Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems - a journey towards relevance?

          Progress towards understanding the extent to which mycorrhizal fungi are involved in the mobilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from natural substrates is reviewed here. While mycorrhiza research has emphasized the role of the symbiosis in facilitation of capture of these nutrients in ionic form, attention has shifted since the mid-1980s to analysing the mycorrhizal fungal abilities to release N and P from the detrital materials of microbial faunal and plant origins, which are the primary sources of these elements in terrestrial ecosystems. Ericoid, and some ectomycorrhizal fungi have the potential to be directly involved in attack both on structural polymers, which may render nutrients inaccessible, and in mobilization of N and P from the organic polymers in which they are sequestered. The advantages to the plant of achieving intervention in the microbial mobilization-immobilization cycles are stressed. While the new approaches may initially lack the precision achieved in studies of readily characterized ionic forms of N and P, they do provide insights of greater ecological relevance. The results support the hypothesis that selection has favoured ericoid and ectomycorrhizal systems with well developed saprotrophic capabilities in those ecosystems characterized by retention of N and P as organic complexes in the soil. The need for further investigation of the abilities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to intervene in nutrient mobilization processes is stressed.
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            Wild Mushroom Markets in Central Mexico and a Case Study at Ozumba

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              Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis can enhance plant nutrition through improved access to discrete organic nutrient patches of high resource quality.

              It is known that roots can respond to patches of fertility; however, root proliferation is often too slow to exploit resources fully, and organic nutrient patches may be broken down and leached, immobilized or chemically fixed before they are invaded by the root system. The ability of fungal hyphae to exploit resource patches is far greater than that of roots due to their innate physiological and morphological plasticity, which allows comprehensive exploration and rapid colonization of resource patches in soils. The fungal symbionts of ectomycorrhizal plants excrete significant quantities of enzymes such as chitinases, phosphatases and proteases. These might allow the organic residue to be tapped directly for nutrients such as N and P. Pot experiments conducted with nutrient-stressed ectomycorrhizal and control willow plants showed that when high quality organic nutrient patches were added, they were colonized rapidly by the ectomycorrhizal mycelium. These established willows (0.5 m tall) were colonized by Hebeloma syrjense P. Karst. for 1 year prior to nutrient patch addition. Within days after patch addition, colour changes in the leaves of the mycorrhizal plants (reflecting improved nutrition) were apparent, and after I month the concentration of N and P in the foliage of mycorrhizal plants was significantly greater than that in non-mycorrhizal plants subject to the same nutrient addition. It seems likely that the mycorrhizal plants were able to compete effectively with the wider soil microbiota and tap directly into the high quality organic resource patch via their extra-radical mycelium. We hypothesize that ectomycorrhizal plants may reclaim some of the N and P invested in seed production by direct recycling from failed seeds in the soil. The rapid exploitation of similar discrete, transient, high-quality nutrient patches may have led to underestimations when determining the nutritional benefits of ectomycorrhizal colonization.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcscfa
                Revista Chapingo. Serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente
                Rev. Chapingo
                Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Coordinación de Revistas Institucionales (Chapingo )
                0186-3231
                August 2012
                : 18
                : 2
                : 183-192
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Colegio de Postgraduados Mexico
                [2 ] University of Sheffield United Kingdom
                [3 ] Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
                [4 ] Universidad de Murcia Spain
                Article
                S0186-32312012000200005
                10.5154/r.rchscfa.2010.11.112
                05a9f2ac-b78c-4b4e-8a09-f5b58beff11e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Forestry

                Forestry
                pines,edible wild mushrooms,sporomes,Macronutrimentos,pinos,hongos silvestres comestibles,esporomas,Macronutrients

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