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      Family history of substance use disorders: Significance for mental health in young adults who gamble

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          Abstract

          Background

          Although family history of psychiatric disorders has often been considered potentially useful in understanding clinical presentations in patients, it is less clear what a positive family history means for people who gamble in the general community. We sought to understand the clinical and cognitive impact of having a first-degree relative with a substance use disorder (SUD) in a sample of non-treatment seeking young adults.

          Methods

          576 participants (aged 18–29 years) who gambled at least five times in the preceding year undertook clinical and neurocognitive evaluations. Those with a first-degree relative with a SUD were compared to those without on a number of demographic, clinical and cognitive measures. We used Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to identify which variables (if any) were significantly associated with family history of SUDs, controlling for the influence of other variables on each other.

          Results

          180 (31.3%) participants had a first-degree family member with a SUD. In terms of clinical variables, family history of SUD was significantly associated with higher rates of substance use (alcohol, nicotine), higher rates of problem gambling, and higher occurrence of mental health disorders. Family history of SUD was also associated with more set-shifting problems (plus higher rates of obsessive-compulsive tendencies), lower quality of decision-making, and more spatial working memory errors.

          Conclusions

          These results indicate that gamblers with a first-degree family member with a SUD may have a unique clinical and cognition presentation. Understanding these differences may be relevant to developing more individualized treatment approaches for disordered gambling. Compulsivity may be important as a proxy of vulnerability towards addiction.

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          Most cited references57

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          Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale

          The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.
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            PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics

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              Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: An update and review

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                J Behav Addict
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                June 2020
                05 June 2020
                : 9
                : 2
                : 289-297
                Affiliations
                [1 ] deptDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience , University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
                [2 ] deptDepartment of Psychiatry , University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
                [3 ] Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT) , Cambridge, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. deptDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience , University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC-3077, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. Tel.: +1 773 834 1325; fax: +1 773 834 6761 E-mail: jgrant4@ 123456bsd.uchicago.edu
                Article
                10.1556/2006.2020.00017
                7115917
                32516117
                05cdc681-a5f4-486c-ac47-c50bb3bb88fa
                © 2020 The Author(s)

                Open Access statement. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 08 February 2020
                : 18 April 2020
                : 22 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 01, Tables: 01, References: 57, Pages: 09
                Funding
                Funded by: National Center for Responsible Gaming
                Funded by: Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship
                Award ID: 110049/Z/15/Z
                Categories
                Full-length Report

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                addiction,family history,substance use,cognition

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