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      A highly-detailed anatomical study of normal pericardial structures as revealed by in-vivo computed tomography and magnetic resonance images and ex-vivo novel 3D reconstructions from Visible Human Server

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          Abstract

          The pericardial cavity, sinuses, and recesses are frequently depicted on Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR).

          We here review the normal human pericardial structures as provided by MR imaging of young, healthy subject and CT scans acquired after iatrogenic coronary dissection. We compared such radiological information with cadaveric axial and sagittal sections of the human body provided by the Visible Human Server (VHS), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lousanne (EPFL), Switzerland.

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          Most cited references21

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          Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pericardial diseases

          The pericardium and pericardial diseases in particular have received, in contrast to other topics in the field of cardiology, relatively limited interest. Today, despite improved knowledge of pathophysiology of pericardial diseases and the availability of a wide spectrum of diagnostic tools, the diagnostic challenge remains. Not only the clinical presentation may be atypical, mimicking other cardiac, pulmonary or pleural diseases; in developed countries a shift for instance in the epidemiology of constrictive pericarditis has been noted. Accurate decision making is crucial taking into account the significant morbidity and mortality caused by complicated pericardial diseases, and the potential benefit of therapeutic interventions. Imaging herein has an important role, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is definitely one of the most versatile modalities to study the pericardium. It fuses excellent anatomic detail and tissue characterization with accurate evaluation of cardiac function and assessment of the haemodynamic consequences of pericardial constraint on cardiac filling. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge how CMR can be used to study the most common pericardial diseases.
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            Appropriate use criteria for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR): SIC—SIRM position paper part 1 (ischemic and congenital heart diseases, cardio-oncology, cardiac masses and heart transplant)

            Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as new mainstream technique for the evaluation of patients with cardiac diseases, providing unique information to support clinical decision-making. This document has been developed by a joined group of experts of the Italian Society of Cardiology and Italian society of Radiology and aims to produce an updated consensus statement about the current state of technology and clinical applications of CMR. The writing committee consisted of members and experts of both societies who worked jointly to develop a more integrated approach in the field of cardiac radiology. Part 1 of the document will cover ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardio-oncology, cardiac masses and heart transplant.
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              Anatomy of pericardial recesses on multidetector CT: implications for oncologic imaging.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                1647
                Imaging
                Imaging
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2732-0960
                19 June 2021
                12 May 2021
                : 13
                : 1
                : 1-12
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University , Chieti, Italy
                [2 ] Institute of Cardiology, “G. D’Annunzio” University , Chieti, Italy
                [3 ] Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, USA
                [4 ] Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
                [5 ] Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città Sant’Angelo , Pescara, Italy
                [6 ] SDN IRCCS , Naples, Italy
                [7 ] Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Institute of Radiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University – Chieti, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital , Via dei Vestini, 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy. Tel.: +39 0871358951; fax: +39 08713556930. E-mail: cesare.mantini@ 123456gmail.com
                [** ]Corresponding author. Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara , 66100 Chieti, Italy. E-mail: fabrizio.ricci@ 123456unich.it
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-8836
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-6623
                Article
                10.1556/1647.2021.00017
                05d66078-559a-4437-905b-bd0d0526c156
                © 2021 The Author(s)

                Open Access. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 19 September 2020
                : 19 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 12

                Medicine,Immunology,Health & Social care,Microbiology & Virology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                computed tomography,radiological anatomy,pericardium,magnetic resonance imaging,pericardial recesses

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