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      Review of Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its Bioactive Compounds

      review-article

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          Abstract

          The roots and rhizomes of licorice ( Glycyrrhiza) species have long been used worldwide as a herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. This review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical and adverse effects of licorice and its bioactive components. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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          Health-promoting properties of common herbs.

          Winston J. Craig (1999)
          Herbs have been used as food and for medicinal purposes for centuries. Research interest has focused on various herbs that possess hypolipidemic, antiplatelet, antitumor, or immune-stimulating properties that may be useful adjuncts in helping reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In different herbs, a wide variety of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulfides, polyphenolics, carotenoids, coumarins, saponins, plant sterols, curcumins, and phthalides have been identified. Several of these phytochemicals either inhibit nitrosation or the formation of DNA adducts or stimulate the activity of protective enzymes such as the Phase II enzyme glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18). Research has centered around the biochemical activity of the Allium sp. and the Labiatae, Umbelliferae, and Zingiberaceae families, as well as flaxseed, licorice root, and green tea. Many of these herbs contain potent antioxidant compounds that provide significant protection against chronic diseases. These compounds may protect LDL cholesterol from oxidation, inhibit cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes, inhibit lipid peroxidation, or have antiviral or antitumor activity. The volatile essential oils of commonly used culinary herbs, spices, and herbal teas inhibit mevalonate synthesis and thereby suppress cholesterol synthesis and tumor growth.
          Article 0 comments Cited 125 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Chemical and instrumental approaches to treat hyperpigmentation.

            Emanuela Camera, Mauro Picardo, Stefania Briganti (2003)
            Many modalities of treatment for acquired skin hyperpigmentation are available including chemical agents or physical therapies, but none are completely satisfactory. Depigmenting compounds should act selectively on hyperactivated melanocytes, without short- or long-term side-effects, and induce a permanent removal of undesired pigment. Since 1961 hydroquinone, a tyrosinase inhibitor, has been introduced and its therapeutic efficacy demonstrated, and other whitening agents specifically acting on tyrosinase by different mechanisms have been proposed. Compounds with depigmenting activity are now numerous and the classification of molecules, based on their mechanism of action, has become difficult. Systematic studies to assess both the efficacy and the safety of such molecules are necessary. Moreover, the evidence that bleaching compounds are fairly ineffective on dermal accumulation of melanin has prompted investigations on the effectiveness of physical therapies, such as lasers. This review which describes the different approaches to obtain depigmentation, suggests a classification of whitening molecules on the basis of the mechanism by which they interfere with melanogenesis, and confirms the necessity to apply standardized protocols to evaluate depigmenting treatments.
            Article 0 comments Cited 109 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract.

              Toshio Fukai, Ai Marumo, Kiyoshi Kaitou … (2002)
              Licorice is the most used crude drug in Kampo medicines (traditional Chinese medicines modified in Japan). The extract of the medicinal plant is also used as the basis of anti-ulcer medicines for treatment of peptic ulcer. Among the chemical constituents of the plant, glabridin and glabrene (components of Glycyrrhiza glabra), licochalcone A (G. inflata), licoricidin and licoisoflavone B (G. uralensis) exhibited inhibitory activity against the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. These flavonoids also showed anti-H. pylori activity against a clarithromycin (CLAR) and amoxicillin (AMOX)-resistant strain. We also investigated the methanol extract of G. uralensis. From the extract, three new isoflavonoids (3-arylcoumarin, pterocarpan, and isoflavan) with a pyran ring, gancaonols A[bond]C, were isolated together with 15 known flavonoids. Among these compounds, vestitol, licoricone, 1-methoxyphaseollidin and gancaonol C exhibited anti-H. pylori activity against the CLAR and AMOX-resistant strain as well as four CLAR (AMOX)-sensitive strains. Glycyrin, formononetin, isolicoflavonol, glyasperin D, 6,8-diprenylorobol, gancaonin I, dihydrolicoisoflavone A, and gancaonol B possessed weaker anti-H. pylori activity. These compounds may be useful chemopreventive agents for peptic ulcer or gastric cancer in H. pylori-infected individuals.
              Article 0 comments Cited 84 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hossein Hosseinzadeh: hosseinzadehh@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Phytother Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Phytother Res
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1573
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PTR
                Title: Phytotherapy Research
                Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Chichester, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 0951-418X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1099-1573
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 April 2008
                Publication date (Print): June 2008
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 6 ( doiID: 10.1002/ptr.v22:6 )
                Pages: 709-724
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 1365‐91775, Mashhad, IR Iran.
                Article
                Publisher ID: PTR2362
                DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2362
                PMC ID: 7167813
                PubMed ID: 18446848
                SO-VID: 05e2a750-76ac-4b14-b4b3-f4184dae7990
                Copyright © Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
                License:

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                Date received : 20 June 2006
                Date revision received : 01 August 2007
                Date accepted : 10 August 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 9, References: 253, Pages: 16
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Subject: Review Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date June 2008
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.0 mode:remove_FC converted:15.04.2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: licorice,glycyrrhiza glabra,glycyrrhizin,glabridin,glycyrrhitinic acid,isoliquiritigenin
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: licorice, glycyrrhiza glabra, glycyrrhizin, glabridin, glycyrrhitinic acid, isoliquiritigenin

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