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      Attitudes Toward Blockchain Technology in Managing Medical Information: Survey Study

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          Abstract

          Background

          The recently developed blockchain technology uses a peer-to-peer network to distribute data to all participants for storage. This method enhances data safety, reliability, integrity, and transparency. To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is essential to obtain consent from medical doctors and patients.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to examine medical doctors’ and patients’ attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology and interpret the findings within the framework of expectancy theory.

          Methods

          In this questionnaire survey, we examined medical doctors’ (n=90) and patients’ (n=90) attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology in the management and distribution of medical information. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions that assessed attitudes toward new means of managing and distributing medical information using blockchain technology. Responses were rated on a scale that ranged from 1 (very negative) to 7 (very positive).

          Results

          Medical doctors (mean 3.7-5.0) reported significantly more negative attitudes than patients (mean 6.3-6.8). Furthermore, self-employed doctors reported more negative attitudes than employed doctors and university professors.

          Conclusions

          To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is necessary to promote positive attitudes toward this technology among medical doctors, especially self-employed doctors.

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          Most cited references13

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          Where Is Current Research on Blockchain Technology?—A Systematic Review

          Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management technology developed first for Bitcoin cryptocurrency. The interest in Blockchain technology has been increasing since the idea was coined in 2008. The reason for the interest in Blockchain is its central attributes that provide security, anonymity and data integrity without any third party organization in control of the transactions, and therefore it creates interesting research areas, especially from the perspective of technical challenges and limitations. In this research, we have conducted a systematic mapping study with the goal of collecting all relevant research on Blockchain technology. Our objective is to understand the current research topics, challenges and future directions regarding Blockchain technology from the technical perspective. We have extracted 41 primary papers from scientific databases. The results show that focus in over 80% of the papers is on Bitcoin system and less than 20% deals with other Blockchain applications including e.g. smart contracts and licensing. The majority of research is focusing on revealing and improving limitations of Blockchain from privacy and security perspectives, but many of the proposed solutions lack concrete evaluation on their effectiveness. Many other Blockchain scalability related challenges including throughput and latency have been left unstudied. On the basis of this study, recommendations on future research directions are provided for researchers.
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            Blockchain Technology for Healthcare: Facilitating the Transition to Patient-Driven Interoperability

            Interoperability in healthcare has traditionally been focused around data exchange between business entities, for example, different hospital systems. However, there has been a recent push towards patient-driven interoperability, in which health data exchange is patient-mediated and patient-driven. Patient-centered interoperability, however, brings with it new challenges and requirements around security and privacy, technology, incentives, and governance that must be addressed for this type of data sharing to succeed at scale. In this paper, we look at how blockchain technology might facilitate this transition through five mechanisms: (1) digital access rules, (2) data aggregation, (3) data liquidity, (4) patient identity, and (5) data immutability. We then look at barriers to blockchain-enabled patient-driven interoperability, specifically clinical data transaction volume, privacy and security, patient engagement, and incentives. We conclude by noting that while patient-driving interoperability is an exciting trend in healthcare, given these challenges, it remains to be seen whether blockchain can facilitate the transition from institution-centric to patient-centric data sharing.
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              Blockchain-Based Medical Records Secure Storage and Medical Service Framework

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Med Internet Res
                J. Med. Internet Res
                JMIR
                Journal of Medical Internet Research
                JMIR Publications (Toronto, Canada )
                1439-4456
                1438-8871
                December 2019
                9 December 2019
                : 21
                : 12
                : e15870
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
                [2 ] Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine Yeungnam University Taegu Republic of Korea
                [3 ] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine Yeungnam University Taegu Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Min Cheol Chang wheel633@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-4815
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-1051
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-2114
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-7213
                Article
                v21i12e15870
                10.2196/15870
                6928691
                31815676
                05fde1ba-6047-4039-85b6-5e16fced894b
                ©Yong Sauk Hau, Jae Min Lee, Jaechan Park, Min Cheol Chang. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 09.12.2019.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

                History
                : 14 August 2019
                : 3 September 2019
                : 27 September 2019
                : 20 October 2019
                Categories
                Original Paper
                Original Paper

                Medicine
                electronic health records,attitude,medical staff,patient,surveys and questionnaires
                Medicine
                electronic health records, attitude, medical staff, patient, surveys and questionnaires

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