Shingrix for Herpes Zoster: A Review

Abstract

Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, results from reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which commonly causes chickenpox in childhood. Greater than 90% of adults are infected with this virus, putting them at risk for reactivation. HZ presents as a painful, vesicular rash distributed in a unilateral and dermatomal pattern along dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia. The rash often presents with prodromal symptoms and progresses to include clear vesicular clusters, evolving through stages of pustulation, ulceration, and crusting. HZ therapy currently involves the use of antiviral agents and pain management; however, HZ prophylaxis has been strongly recommended in older adults through vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine, Zostavax®. A new recombinant subunit vaccine, HZ/su (Shingrix®), is the subject of this review. In clinical trials, HZ/su demonstrated an overall vaccine efficacy of 97.2% among participants 50 years of age or older, indicating a significantly reduced risk of HZ in these individuals. Shingrix® was approved by the US FDA in October 2017 as HZ prophylaxis.