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      Adaptação da máscara do analisador de gases VO2000 para mensuração de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em natação Translated title: Adaptation of the VO2000 gas analiser's mask to mensuration of cardiorespiratory parameters in swimming

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          Abstract

          O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um snorquel (SNQ) de baixo custo para mensuração de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em natação. Para isso, a máscara do analisador de gases VO2000 (MASC) foi adaptada a um SNQ desenvolvido artesanalmente com espaço morto de 250ml. Oito participantes foram submetidos a dois testes incrementais (TI) em cicloergômetro utilizando a MASC e o SNQ. Os TI foram realizados até a exaustão voluntária e foram compostos por estágios de 3min com carga inicial e incrementos de 35W. Em ambas as situações, amostras gasosas foram coletadas em intervalos de 10s para determinação dos volumes de oxigênio (VO2), gás carbônico (VCO2), ventilatório (VE) e mensuração da freqüência cardíaca (FC). A comparação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios (VO2, VE, VCO2 e FC) mensurados com o SNQ e a MASC foi realizada com o teste t de Student para amostras dependentes, enquanto que o teste de correlação de Pearson e a análise gráfica de Bland e Altman foram utilizados para verificar as associações e concordância entre parâmetros. Em todos os casos, o nível de significância foi de P < 0,05. A adequação das equações de correção para os valores provenientes do SNQ foi verificada pelos erros sistemáticos (bias), aleatórios (precisão) e acurácia (ac). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os valores de VO2, VCO2 e FC obtidos com a MASC e SNQ. Os valores de VE mensurados com o SNQ foram significativamente superiores aos obtidos com a MASC. No entanto, todos os parâmetros apresentaram elevada concordância e coeficiente de correlação (0,88 a 0,97). Além disso, foram verificados reduzidos valores de bias (VO2 = 0,11L/min; VE = 4,11L/min; VCO2 = 0,54L/min; 8,87bpm), precisão (VO2 = 0,24L/min; VE = 11,02L/ min; VCO2 = 0,18L/min; 7,42bpm) e ac (VO2 = 0,27L/min; VE = 11,76L/min; VCO2 = 0,56L/min; 11,56bpm). Desse modo, pode-se concluir que o SNQ desenvolvido neste estudo possibilita a mensuração válida de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em natação.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of the present study was to develop a snorkel (SNK) with low cost for cardio respiratory parameters measurement in swimming. So, a mask of gas analyzer VO2000 (MASK) was adapted to a SNQ developed by man craftwork form with dead space of 250 ml. Eight subjects were submitted to two incremental tests (IT) on cycloergometer using the MASK and the SNK. The IT(s) occurred until voluntary exhaustion and it was composed per stages of 3 min and with initial load and grade increment of 35 W. In both situations, gaseous samples were collected in intervals of 10 s for determination of the amount of oxygen (VO2), of carbonic gas (VCO2) and of ventilatory volume (VE); heart rate (HR) measurement was done with monitor frequency heart (Polar). The comparison of the cardiorespiratory parameters (VO2, VE, VCO2) and HR measured with a SNK and a MASK was performed with the Student's t test of dependent samples, while the Pearson's correlation test and graphic analyzer of Bland and Altman were performed to verify the associations and agreement among parameters. In all cases the level of significance was P < 0.05. The appropriate equations of the correction of values originating from SNK was verified by systematic error (bias), aleatory (precision) and accuracy (ac). It was not found significant differences among the values of VO2, VCO2 and HR obtained with the MASK and SNK. The values of VE measured with SNK were found significantly higher than the obtained with the MASK. However, all parameters presented high agreement and correlation (0.88 to 0.97). Besides, low values of bias (VO2 = 0.11 L/min; VE = 4.11 L/min; VCO2 = 0.54 L/min; 8.87 bpm), precision (VO2 = 0,24 L/min; VE = 11.02 L/min; VCO2 = 0,18 L/min; 7.42 bpm) and accuracy (VO2 = 0,27 L/min; VE = 11.76 L/min; VCO2 = 0.56 L/min; 11.56 bpm) were verified. Thereby, we could conclude that the SNK developed in this study allow a validate measurement of cardiorespiratory parameters in swimming.

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          Most cited references14

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          Oxygen uptake during swimming in man.

          I Holmér (1972)
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            Respiratory snorkel and valve system for breath-by-breath gas analysis in swimming.

            The present study aimed to compare a standard facemask (CM) and a newly modified swimming snorkel and valve system (SV) for breath-by-breath (BxB) gas analysis (K4 b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy), and to validate the system under controlled laboratory conditions before being used in swimming. Nine healthy males performed two bouts of a stepwise exercise on an electrically braked stationary bicycle on separate days. Ventilatory and gas exchange parameters were analyzed using the same BxB portable system, with subjects breathing alternatively through the two different valves. Agreement between both methods was evaluated by Passing-Bablok regression analysis. The gas exchange values measured using the SV were highly correlated with those obtained using the CM (R2 values >0.9). However, differences existed between the two series of measurements so that most ventilatory and gas exchange parameters were lower (3-7%) with the SV. The error when using the SV device was mainly systematic along the whole range of measurement. Accordingly, linear regression equations were developed to further improve the accuracy of the measures when using the SV. Therefore, the modified respiratory SV system can be considered as a valid device for collecting expired gas for BxB analysis, comparable to the standard facemask, with the advantage of being suitable for measurements during swimming.
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              Ventilatory and metabolic response to rebreathing the expired air in the snorkel.

              The snorkel, which allows swimmers to keep their face down in the water while breathing, is widely used by divers, spear fishermen and monofin swimmers. A snorkel adds an additional dead space of 160-170 ml and causes an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the inspired gas due to expired air trapped in the snorkel which is then re-inspired. In this study the metabolic and the ventilatory response to rebreathing the expired air in the snorkel were investigated in twelve human subjects. A 2900 C Sensor Medics gas analyzer was used in breath-by-breath mode for the measurements. Ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), oxygen consumption (.VO 2) and carbon dioxide production (.VCO 2) were measured at rest and during light exercise both with and without the snorkel dead space. We observed a significant increase in all variables except RR, when subjects rebreathed the gas in the snorkel. The increase in ventilation resulted from an increase in tidal volume rather than increasing respiratory rate. We conclude that the work of breathing is increased when CO2 concentration is high in inspired gas and re-breathing while snorkelling can be prevented by a new snorkel design with a low-resistance two-way non-rebreathing valve, which will allow the expired air flow into the water.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbme
                Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
                Rev Bras Med Esporte
                Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte (São Paulo )
                1806-9940
                June 2007
                : 13
                : 3
                : 190-194
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                [2 ] FIB
                [3 ] Universidade do Oeste Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S1517-86922007000300012
                10.1590/S1517-86922007000300012
                06030150-087f-4436-a30a-ded77455a042

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-8692&lng=en
                Categories
                PHYSIOLOGY
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine,Anatomy & Physiology
                Swimming,Snorkel,Oxygen uptake,Ventilatory volume,Heart rate,Natação,Snorquel,Consumo de oxigênio,Volume ventilatório,Freqüência cardíaca

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