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      The rise of a novel, plankton-based marine ecosystem during the Mesozoic: a bottom-up model to explain new higher-tier invertebrate morphotypes Translated title: El ascenso de un nuevo ecosistema marino basado en pláncton durante el Mesozoico: un modelo de abajo a arriba para explicar nuevos morfotipos de invertebrados de nivel superior

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          Abstract

          Abstract Major radiation events amongst a range of phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic microbiota such as calcareous nannofossils, calpionellids, diatoms, dinoflagellates, planktonic foraminifera and radiolarians are characteristic of the time interval between the Late Jurassic (c. 160 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (c. 100 - 66 Ma). Both directly and indirectly, these radiations in the marine water column led to a proliferation of various benthic groups such as burying and swimming crabs and irregular echinoids as well as nektonic groups such as ancyloceratine heteromorph ammonites. For each of the invertebrate groups studied we have plotted all available data on their diversity through time. The resultant histograms form the basis of our new model of the ‘infill’ of Mesozoic ecosystems. The impact on detritus and plankton feeders was direct, from the Late Jurassic onwards, in that an increased supply of planktonic food particles became available. However, the radiation of burying raninoid crabs, which comprised more complex scavengers/detritivores, was intimately linked to the bloom of (part of) their food source (i.e., marine meiofauna). During the Cretaceous Period new innovations and adaptations brought about additional faunal turnovers. For instance, amongst frog crabs (Raninoidia), there was a transition from the palaeocorystid type, via the lyreidid type to the raninid morphology. Similarly, coeval turnovers are documented for irregular echinoids (i.e., from Toxasteridae via Micrasteridae to Schizasteridae) and for heteromorph ammonites: from Ancyloceratoidea via Turrilitoidea to Scaphitoidea. Here we present, for the first time, an elaborated bottom-up model to explain the emergence and dispersion in time of different invertebrate groups at a range of higher-tier trophic levels.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Los mayores eventos de radiación de la microbiota que comprende el fitoplancton y zooplankton, con grupos como nanofósiles calcáreos, calpionélidos diatomeas, dinoflagelados, foraminíferos planctónicos y radiolarios, fueron característicos del intervalo de tiempo comprendido entre el Jurásico Tardío (c. 160 Ma) y el Cretácico Tardío (c. 100 - 66 Ma). Tanto de forma directa como indirecta, dichas radiaciones en la columna de agua marina llevaron a la proliferación de varios grupos bentónicos, tales como los cangrejos infaunales y nadadores, equinoideos irregulares, así como grupos nectónicos tales como los ammonites heteromorfos ancilocerátidos. Para cada grupo de invertebrados estudiado, hemos graficado todos los datos disponibles acerca de su diversidad a través del tiempo. Los histogramas resultantes constituyen la base para nuestro nuevo modelo de “relleno” de los ecosistemas del Mesozoico. El impacto sobre los detritófagos y planctotróficos fue directo a partir del Jurásico Tardío, ya que se dió un incremento de partículas nutritivas provenientes del plankton, de tal forma que la radiación de los cangrejos raninoides infaunales (que comprendía los más complejos carroñeros/detritívoros), estuvo íntimamente ligada a la explosión de (o parte de) su alimento (i.e., meiofauna marina). Durante el Periodo Cretácico, surgieron innovaciones y adaptaciones en torno a cambios en composición faunística. Por ejemplo, hubo una transición en los cangrejos rana (Raninoidia), entre el tipo palaeocorístido (vía el tipo liréidido), hacia el tipo ranínido. Otros cambios coetáneos se han documentado para equinoideos irregulares (i.e., de Toxasteridae, vía Micrasteridae, a Schizasteridae), y para ammonites heteromorfos, de Ancyloceratoidea, vía Turrilitoidea, a Scaphitoidea. Aquí se presenta, por vez primera, un elaborado modelo a detalle, con el fin de explicar el surgimiento y la dispersión en el tiempo, de diferentes grupos de invertebrados, en el rango de los más altos niveles tróficos.

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          Most cited references38

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          The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids

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            The role of ammonites in the Mesozoic marine food web revealed by jaw preservation.

            Ammonites are prominent in macroevolutionary studies because of their abundance and diversity in the fossil record, but their paleobiology and position in the marine food web are not well understood due to the lack of preserved soft tissue. We present three-dimensional reconstructions of the buccal apparatus in the Mesozoic ammonite Baculites with the use of synchrotron x-ray microtomography. Buccal mass morphology, combined with the coexistence of food remains found in the buccal mass, suggests that these ammonites fed on plankton. This diet may have extended to all aptychophoran ammonites, which share the same buccal mass morphology. Understanding the role of these ammonites in the Mesozoic food web provides insights into their radiation in the Early Jurassic, as well as their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous/early Paleogene.
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              Influence of oceanic anoxic events on the evolution of mid-Cretaceous radiolaria in the North Atlantic and western Tethys

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bsgm
                Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
                Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex
                Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. (México, DF, Mexico )
                1405-3322
                2018
                : 70
                : 1
                : 187-200
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameOertijdmuseum Netherlands
                [3] Maastricht orgnameNatuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht Netherlands
                [2] orgnameOertijdmuseum Netherlands
                Article
                S1405-33222018000100187
                10.18268/bsgm2018v70n1a11
                060a34ef-f09e-4085-a3b4-7f17439acc1f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 October 2017
                : 14 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Regular articles

                Mesozoico,ecosistema marino,paleoecología,morfotipos de invertebrados,Mesozoic,marine ecosystem,paleoecology,invertebrate morphotypes

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