11
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Back From the Future: Nonlinear Anticipation in Adults' and Children's Speech

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisher
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Purpose

          This study examines the temporal organization of vocalic anticipation in German children from 3 to 7 years of age and adults. The main objective was to test for nonlinear processes in vocalic anticipation, which may result from the interaction between lingual gestural goals for individual vowels and those for their neighbors over time.

          Method

          The technique of ultrasound imaging was employed to record tongue movement at 5 time points throughout short utterances of the form V1#CV2. Vocalic anticipation was examined with generalized additive modeling, an analytical approach allowing for the estimation of both linear and nonlinear influences on anticipatory processes.

          Results

          Both adults and children exhibit nonlinear patterns of vocalic anticipation over time with the degree and extent of vocalic anticipation varying as a function of the individual consonants and vowels assembled. However, noticeable developmental discrepancies were found with vocalic anticipation being present earlier in children's utterances at 3–5 years of age in comparison to adults and, to some extent, 7-year-old children.

          Conclusions

          A developmental transition towards more segmentally-specified coarticulatory organizations seems to occur from kindergarten to primary school to adulthood. In adults, nonlinear anticipatory patterns over time suggest a strong differentiation between the gestural goals for consecutive segments. In children, this differentiation is not yet mature: Vowels show greater prominence over time and seem activated more in phase with those of previous segments relative to adults.

          Related collections

          Most cited references46

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Book Chapter: not found

          Explaining Phonetic Variation: A Sketch of the H&H Theory

          B Lindblom (1990)
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Physical principles for economies of skilled movements

            W L Nelson (1983)
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A biomechanical model of cardinal vowel production: muscle activations and the impact of gravity on tongue positioning.

              A three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical model of the tongue and the oral cavity, controlled by a functional model of muscle force generation (lambda-model of the equilibrium point hypothesis) and coupled with an acoustic model, was exploited to study the activation of the tongue and mouth floor muscles during the production of French cardinal vowels. The selection of the motor commands to control the tongue and the mouth floor muscles was based on literature data, such as electromyographic, electropalatographic, and cineradiographic data. The tongue shapes were also compared to data obtained from the speaker used to build the model. 3D modeling offered the opportunity to investigate the role of the transversalis, in particular, its involvement in the production of high front vowels. It was found, with this model, to be indirect via reflex mechanisms due to the activation of surrounding muscles, not voluntary. For vowel /i/, local motor command variations for the main tongue muscles revealed a non-negligible modification of the alveolar groove in contradiction to the saturation effect hypothesis, due to the role of the anterior genioglossus. Finally, the impact of subject position (supine or upright) on the production of French cardinal vowels was explored and found to be negligible.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
                J Speech Lang Hear Res
                American Speech Language Hearing Association
                1092-4388
                1558-9102
                August 29 2019
                August 29 2019
                : 62
                : 8S
                : 3033-3054
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory for Oral Language Acquisition, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
                [2 ]Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
                [3 ]Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
                Article
                10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-CSMC7-18-0208
                0612bd56-421f-4c5f-a25d-fe4a972e2334
                © 2019
                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article